Question 1

The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. 
$4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e$

Accepted Answer

A)  fusion 
B)  fission 
C)  gamma radiation emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  hydrogen combustion 
A)  fusion 
B)  fission 
C)  gamma radiation emission 
D)  beta emission 
E)  hydrogen combustion

Question 2

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+$------

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
B)  $2_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
C)  $3_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  $3_{-1}^{0} e$ 
E)  $3_{0}^{1} n$ 
A)  ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
B)  $2_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
C)  $3_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  $3_{-1}^{0} e$ 
E)  $3_{0}^{1} n$

Question 3

If a nucleus emits a beta particle,its atomic number

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases by 2. 
B)  decreases by 1. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  increases by 1. 
E)  increases by 2. 
A)  decreases by 2. 
B)  decreases by 1. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  increases by 1. 
E)  increases by 2.

Question 4

Which of the following reactions is an example of positron emission?

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{91}^{227} \mathrm{~Pa} \rightarrow{ }_{89}^{223} \mathrm{Ac}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
B)  ${ }_{20}^{41} \mathrm{Ca}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{19}^{41} \mathrm{~K}$ 
C)  ${ }_{79}^{201} \mathrm{Au} \rightarrow{ }_{80}^{201} \mathrm{Hg}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}$ 
D)  ${ }_{63}^{150} \mathrm{Eu} \rightarrow{ }_{62}^{150} \mathrm{Sm}+{ }_{+1}^{0} \beta$ 
E)  ${ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{26}^{59} \mathrm{Fe}$ 
A)  ${ }_{91}^{227} \mathrm{~Pa} \rightarrow{ }_{89}^{223} \mathrm{Ac}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
B)  ${ }_{20}^{41} \mathrm{Ca}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{19}^{41} \mathrm{~K}$ 
C)  ${ }_{79}^{201} \mathrm{Au} \rightarrow{ }_{80}^{201} \mathrm{Hg}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}$ 
D)  ${ }_{63}^{150} \mathrm{Eu} \rightarrow{ }_{62}^{150} \mathrm{Sm}+{ }_{+1}^{0} \beta$ 
E)  ${ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{26}^{59} \mathrm{Fe}$

Question 5

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n$

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{52}^{139} \mathrm{Te}$ 
B)  ${ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}$ 
C)  ${ }_{55}^{144} \mathrm{Cs}$ 
D)  ${ }_{58}^{144} \mathrm{Ce}$ 
E)  ${ }_{61}^{147} \mathrm{Pm}$ 
A)  ${ }_{52}^{139} \mathrm{Te}$ 
B)  ${ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}$ 
C)  ${ }_{55}^{144} \mathrm{Cs}$ 
D)  ${ }_{58}^{144} \mathrm{Ce}$ 
E)  ${ }_{61}^{147} \mathrm{Pm}$

Question 6

How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium, $ { }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} $ ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

Accepted Answer

A)  12.3 yr 
B)  14.2 yr 
C)  19.5 yr 
D)  24.6 yr 
E)  36.9 yr 
A)  12.3 yr 
B)  14.2 yr 
C)  19.5 yr 
D)  24.6 yr 
E)  36.9 yr

Question 7

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Accepted Answer

A)  discover radioactivity. 
B)  die from leukemia. 
C)  win two Nobel Prizes. 
D)  name an element. 
E)  discover the neutron. 
A)  discover radioactivity. 
B)  die from leukemia. 
C)  win two Nobel Prizes. 
D)  name an element. 
E)  discover the neutron.

Question 8

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ from beta emission.

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{13}^{28} \mathrm{Al} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e$ 
B)  ${ }_{11}^{24} \mathrm{Na}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
C)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
E)  ${ }_{14}^{27} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
A)  ${ }_{13}^{28} \mathrm{Al} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e$ 
B)  ${ }_{11}^{24} \mathrm{Na}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
C)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  ${ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ 
E)  ${ }_{14}^{27} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$

Question 9

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma emission can accompany nuclear decay,such as beta emission. 
B)  gamma rays can be used to extend the shelf life of food products. 
C)  gamma rays have the same properties as electrons. 
D)  gamma emission consists of high energy photons. 
E)  gamma rays move at the speed of light. 
A)  gamma emission can accompany nuclear decay,such as beta emission. 
B)  gamma rays can be used to extend the shelf life of food products. 
C)  gamma rays have the same properties as electrons. 
D)  gamma emission consists of high energy photons. 
E)  gamma rays move at the speed of light.

Question 10

If a nucleus decays by successive α,β,β particle emissions,its atomic number will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease by four. 
B)  decrease by two. 
C)  increase by four. 
D)  increase by two. 
E)  be unchanged. 
A)  decrease by four. 
B)  decrease by two. 
C)  increase by four. 
D)  increase by two. 
E)  be unchanged.

Question 11

A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of $ { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} $ is present? The decay constant of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is 3.8 × 10?12 s?1.

Accepted Answer

A)  4.6 × 10?34 g 
B)  5.0 × 10?14 g 
C)  1.2 × 10?12 g 
D)  6.1 × 10?12 g 
E)  3.2 × 10?11 g 
A)  4.6 × 10?34 g 
B)  5.0 × 10?14 g 
C)  1.2 × 10?12 g 
D)  6.1 × 10?12 g 
E)  3.2 × 10?11 g

Question 12

If a nucleus captures an electron,its atomic number

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases by 2. 
B)  decreases by 1. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  increases by 1. 
E)  increases by 2. 
A)  decreases by 2. 
B)  decreases by 1. 
C)  remains the same. 
D)  increases by 1. 
E)  increases by 2.

Question 13

The half-life of  $ { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} $  is 9.5 × 1012 s.How many atoms of $ { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} $ are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 109 atoms/s?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.9 × 10−23 atoms 
B)  4.1 × 10−4 atoms 
C)  2.4 × 103 atoms 
D)  9.1 × 1016 atoms 
E)  5.3 × 1022 atoms 
A)  1.9 × 10−23 atoms 
B)  4.1 × 10−4 atoms 
C)  2.4 × 103 atoms 
D)  9.1 × 1016 atoms 
E)  5.3 × 1022 atoms

Question 14

Which of the following reactions is an example of beta particle emission?

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{42}^{99} \mathrm{Mo} \rightarrow{ }_{43}^{99} \mathrm{Tc}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e$ 
B)  ${ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}$ 
C)  ${ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K} \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}+{ }_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  ${ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
E)  ${ }_{90}^{232} \mathrm{Th} \rightarrow{ }_{88}^{228} \mathrm{Ra}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
A)  ${ }_{42}^{99} \mathrm{Mo} \rightarrow{ }_{43}^{99} \mathrm{Tc}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e$ 
B)  ${ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}$ 
C)  ${ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K} \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}+{ }_{1}^{0} e$ 
D)  ${ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ 
E)  ${ }_{90}^{232} \mathrm{Th} \rightarrow{ }_{88}^{228} \mathrm{Ra}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$

Question 15

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the Sun's energy comes primarily from the fusion of hydrogen. 
B)  fusion reactions have high activation barriers due to repulsion of nuclei. 
C)  fission reactions have relatively low activation barriers because uncharged neutrons used to initiate the reactions are not repelled by nuclei. 
D)  magnetic fields can be used to confine nuclei during a fusion reaction. 
E)  many fission reactors have been replaced by fusion reactors,which produce more energy and fewer waste products. 
A)  the Sun's energy comes primarily from the fusion of hydrogen. 
B)  fusion reactions have high activation barriers due to repulsion of nuclei. 
C)  fission reactions have relatively low activation barriers because uncharged neutrons used to initiate the reactions are not repelled by nuclei. 
D)  magnetic fields can be used to confine nuclei during a fusion reaction. 
E)  many fission reactors have been replaced by fusion reactors,which produce more energy and fewer waste products.

Question 16

What is the relationship between the rate constant and the half-life for nuclear decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  rate = kt1/2 
B) $ k=\frac{\ln (0.693)}{t_{1 / 2}} $ 
C)  k = ln (0.693t1/2) 
D)  $ k=\frac{\ln (2)}{t_{1 / 2}} $ 
E)  k = 0.693t1/2 
A)  rate = kt1/2 
B) $ k=\frac{\ln (0.693)}{t_{1 / 2}} $ 
C)  k = ln (0.693t1/2) 
D)  $ k=\frac{\ln (2)}{t_{1 / 2}} $ 
E)  k = 0.693t1/2

Question 17

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in nuclei shows a narrow band of stable isotopes.By what method(s)can isotopes with a low proton-neutron ratio (i.e. ,ones that fall below the band of stability)decay to form elements that are more stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  positron emission or electron capture. 
B)  positron emission or neutron capture. 
C)  beta emission or electron capture. 
D)  gamma ray emission or beta emission. 
E)  neutron capture or alpha emission. 
A)  positron emission or electron capture. 
B)  positron emission or neutron capture. 
C)  beta emission or electron capture. 
D)  gamma ray emission or beta emission. 
E)  neutron capture or alpha emission.

Question 18

What nucleus decays by successive ?,?,? emissions to produce uranium-236?

Accepted Answer

A)  ${ }_{88}^{232} \mathrm{Ra}$ 
B)  ${ }_{88}^{230} \mathrm{Ra}$ 
C)  ${ }_{92}^{240} \mathrm{Pu}$ 
D)  ${ }_{94}^{242} \mathrm{Pu}$ 
E)  ${ }_{92}^{940} \mathrm{~L}$ 
A)  ${ }_{88}^{232} \mathrm{Ra}$ 
B)  ${ }_{88}^{230} \mathrm{Ra}$ 
C)  ${ }_{92}^{240} \mathrm{Pu}$ 
D)  ${ }_{94}^{242} \mathrm{Pu}$ 
E)  ${ }_{92}^{940} \mathrm{~L}$

Question 19

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear fission of 235U. 
B)  nuclear fusion of 235U. 
C)  nuclear fission of 1H. 
D)  nuclear fusion of 1H. 
E)  nuclear fusion of 2H. 
A)  nuclear fission of 235U. 
B)  nuclear fusion of 235U. 
C)  nuclear fission of 1H. 
D)  nuclear fusion of 1H. 
E)  nuclear fusion of 2H.

Question 20

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  a nucleus weighs less than the protons and neutrons from which it is composed. 
B)  the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons is called the mass defect. 
C)  the process in which a nucleus decomposes to form two or more lighter nuclei is called nuclear fission. 
D)  nuclear fission evolves more energy than ordinary chemical reactions,such as the combustion of gasoline. 
E)  nuclear fission evolves more energy than nuclear fusion. 
A)  a nucleus weighs less than the protons and neutrons from which it is composed. 
B)  the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons is called the mass defect. 
C)  the process in which a nucleus decomposes to form two or more lighter nuclei is called nuclear fission. 
D)  nuclear fission evolves more energy than ordinary chemical reactions,such as the combustion of gasoline. 
E)  nuclear fission evolves more energy than nuclear fusion.

Exam 18: Nuclear Reactions

The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. 411H→24He+210e4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e411​H→24​He+210​e

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 92235U+01n→56142Ba+3691Kr+{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+92235​U+01​n→56142​Ba+3691​Kr+ ------

If a nucleus emits a beta particle,its atomic number

Which of the following reactions is an example of positron emission?

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 92235U+01n→3789Te+…3−10e+301n{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n92235​U+01​n→3789​Te+…3−10​e+301​n

How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium, 13H { }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} 13​H ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of 1428Si{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1428​Si from beta emission.

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

If a nucleus decays by successive α,β,β particle emissions,its atomic number will

A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of 614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C is present? The decay constant of 614C{ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}614​C is 3.8 × 10?12 s?1.

If a nucleus captures an electron,its atomic number

The half-life of 1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl is 9.5 × 1012 s.How many atoms of 1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 109 atoms/s?

Which of the following reactions is an example of beta particle emission?

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

What is the relationship between the rate constant and the half-life for nuclear decay?

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in nuclei shows a narrow band of stable isotopes.By what method(s)can isotopes with a low proton-neutron ratio (i.e. ,ones that fall below the band of stability)decay to form elements that are more stable?

What nucleus decays by successive ?,?,? emissions to produce uranium-236?

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Matter and Measurements

Atoms, molecules, and Ions

Mass Relations in Chemistry;stoichiometry

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Gases

Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table

Covalent Bonding

Thermochemistry

Liquids and Solids

Solutions

Rate of Reaction

Gaseous Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Equilibria in Acid-Base Solutions

Complex Ion and Precipitation Equilibria

Spontaneity of Reaction

Electrochemistry

Complex Ions

Chemistry of the Metals

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Organic Chemistry

Organic Polymers, natural and Synthetic

Filters

The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. $4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e$

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+$ ------

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n$

How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium, ${ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H}$ ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ from beta emission.

A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is present? The decay constant of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is 3.8 × 10?¹² s?¹.

The half-life of ${ }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl}$ is 9.5 × 10¹² s.How many atoms of ${ }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl}$ are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 10⁹ atoms/s?