Exam 7: Class and Stratification in the United States

Provide definitions for ingroup, outgroup, and reference group, and describe the significance of these concepts in everyday life.

A person's gender is the most significant predictor of whether that person will join a mainstream normative organization.

Which of these is an example of a utilitarian organization?

Sociologist ____________ coined the terms ingroup and outgroup to describe people's feelings toward members of their own and other groups.

Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of ____________ organizations.

The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed_____________.

The supervisor of the office has been informed that Sarah consistently extends her lunch hour by 30 minutes. He chooses to take a passive approach to this problem, hoping that it will fix itself. This particular supervisor is exhibiting which style of leadership?

According to Weber, most modern bureaucracies will fit his ideal type and have all of the characteristics as he described them.

The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is ____________ .

Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies?

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracy, and discuss its positive and negative aspects.

____________ is the term for the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise.

A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is missing. The____________ style of leadership would be most effective in this situation.

Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes_____________ .

Workers in Japan have greater job security than do workers in the United States.

____________ needs cannot always be met by one person, so being in a group enables one to complete tasks or fulfill a specific goal.

What is the term used by sociologists to describe individuals' awareness that they share commonalities with certain others?

____________ is the term for compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority.

Describe types and styles of group leadership.

Define normative, coercive, and utilitarian organizations, and give an example of each.