Exam 9: Middle Childhood: Physical, Neurobiological, Cognitive and Emotional Development in the Context of Schooling in a Nutshell

Wake et al. (2007), found that approximately ___________ percent of the average nine- to 11- year- old Western Australian's diet was made up of 'junk' foods.

Boys are significantly more likely than girls to suffer accidental death or injury through everyday activities during middle childhood. Despite this, according to research by King et al., (1989), girls tended to report more intense fears of these risks, and to be frightened of a greater range of things than boys.

The cerebral cortex, or outside surface layer of the brain, has two distinct hemispheres. The ___________ hemisphere is specialised for language while the ___________ hemisphere dominates during the processing of spatial and pictorial information.

According to Randhawa, de Lacey and Saklofske (1986), teachers rate ___________ and ___________ as displaying the most desirably responsive behaviour in classroom situations.

At age six, when middle childhood begins, the brain has reached 90 percent of its adult volume, having quadrupled in size since birth.

As myelinated neurons transfer information 1000 times faster than nerves without myelin coatings, cognitive and behavioural functions involving myelinated neurons are more rapid and efficient.

Many mastery- oriented pupils may have objectively lower IQ scores and less potential for learning than the self- defeating pupils, but often outperform them on school tasks.

Robbie Case (1992) suggested that myelination of the frontal cortex is responsible not only for the increased attentiveness of older primary school children but also for gains in ___________ skills.

As they progress through middle childhood, children become ___________ at memory tasks.

Parents typically have few beliefs about the causes of academic success, and about the probability of their offspring succeeding in school. Parents' beliefs typically do not shape their childrens' own feelings about academic success.

According to Dweck (2006), which of the following are associated with children who have a self- defeating personality style in regards to school?

Due to their limited executive functioning skills, young children may focus on some ___________ of a situation and miss the real problem altogether when attempting to solve a problem.

According to Tunmer and Bowey (1984), ___________ is 'a prerequisite skill for nearly every form of employment and the primary key to lifelong learning'.

According to Inagaki and Hatano (1999), at what age do children develop a basic biological understanding of nutrition, germs, contagion and physiology (e.g. the blood's circulation occurs 'because our heart works hard to send our life energy through the blood')?

During the period from ages ___________ to ___________, children gain skills in deploying their attention selectively to focus on the relevant features of a problem.

Regarding television and weight problems, only ___________ percent of Australian 13- year- olds used electronic screens for few enough hours to meet international standards.

Growth of the corpus callosum can be disrupted by life experiences.

According to Krashen (1988; 1996), which of the following is not a feature of the most effective bilingual teaching programs in primary school?

The ability to hold a book in the correct position, perceiving lines of print and scan the eyes across in the correct direction are skills that all humans, across cultures, are genetically predisposed to.

Indigenous Aboriginal and Maori cultures place greater emphasis on the value of ___________ and ___________ than the Anglo- Australian or New Zealand mainstream.