Exam 8: Middle Childhood: Social, Personality and Sex-Role Development

Goodnow and Warton (1991) investigated sex roles in household chores among a group of young people from Sydney. They found:

According to Peterson (2000), which of the following situations is likely to lead to fastest theory- of- mind development in a child?

Siblings, unlike parents, exert little important influence on each others' psychological development.

Bem's (1983) ____________ theory explains the child's mastery of a sex role in terms of information processing.

According to Larzelere, (1986) in a large- scale study of three- to 17- year- olds whose parents had spanked them frequently, the children were found to be more ____________ towards their peers and siblings than the matched offspring of parents who used non- violent forms of discipline.

Children who are unpopular with their classroom peers in school can sometimes achieve a more positive peer experience when playing with mixed- age peer groups in the neighbourhood.

When parents explain things and give their children reasons for desired behaviour, they supply a cognitive framework that can motivate compliance and clarify social understanding of a theory of mind.

Socially defined ____________ describe the stereotypic patterns of attitudes, personality and behaviour that distinguish males from females as social entities at certain ages, within a particular culture, during a particular phase in that culture's history.

In relation to older siblings, which if the following is true?

'Children imitate same- sex models and become aware that gender- role- appropriate behaviour brings rewards. Thus, they self- regulate via internalised gender- role standards.' This statement is related to which of the following theories?

According to Dockett and her colleagues (2002), Indigenous Australian parents place a strong emphasis on warm and supportive social relationships with peers and teachers in school.

As Bem (1975) ____________ defined it, consists of a flexible blend of socially desirable masculine and feminine sex- role attributes.

According to Pines (1981), longitudinal evidence shows that adults who grew up as only children average lower scores on many indices of social and mental health than those with siblings, as well as often having lower IQs.

Based on a naturalistic observational study of preschoolers and their infant siblings, Judith Dunn (1994) reported that angry clashes between siblings reached frequencies as high as ____________ outbursts per hour.

Baumrind (1971; 1991) discovered two intersecting dimensions of parenting style ____________ and ____________ .

According to Barry (1978), Aboriginal children growing up in rural Australia have been found to be ____________ rigidly constrained by traditional sex- role stereotypes than their Anglo counterparts.

____________ is the realisation that one's biological gender as male or female is unchangeable, short of something as drastic as a sex- change operation.

According to Baumrind, parents' childrearing styles were closely linked with their offspring's developmental outcomes, with the authoritarian parenting style producing especially good results.

According to Maccoby (1998), adults spend more time cuddling, talking with, singing to and giving toys to babies they believe are male than when the same infant is introduced to them as a girl.

In investigating peer status, a child with low positive and negative peer nominations is categorised as: