Exam 11: Adolescence: Cognitive, Moral and Personality Development

According to Steinberg (2008), the ______________ system is a network in the brain involving the basal ganglia (especially the nucleus accumbens), the orbitofrontal cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.

When adolescents from ethnic minorities manage to incorporate elements of their Asian, African or Mexican roots into blended identity choices, they were found to display ______________ levels of self- esteem than those who identified exclusively with either ethnic or mainstream Anglo- American culture.

Which of the following is not a stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Roughly 95 percent of the boys in Kohlberg's original sample reasoned purely at Stages 1 and 2 at the age of 10.

Adolescent cognitive ______________ , as expressed in a belief in an imaginary audience, may relate as much to new social experiences in the early teens as to cognitive changes.

Even though adolescent and mature brains might seem indistinguishable in overall size and shape, they are structurally and functionally different.

Which of the following is not a stage in ethnic identity development?

Beginning at about age ______________ , there is an abrupt rise in dopamine receptor density in the striatum and prefrontal cortex.

Preadolescents have developed skills to solve problems that require contrary- to- fact assumptions.

A ______________ involves a protracted identity crisis, often entailing a painful period when all identity commitments are temporarily suspended and the individual feels lost and confused.

The adolescent's resolution of the identity crisis organises and integrates all separate elements of personality into a coherent whole.

The moral reasoning of adolescents and adults in collectivist, socially oriented cultures may differ qualitatively from the ______________ judgements of competing justice claims that are implicit in Kohlberg's model of moral development derived from North Americans.

The beam balance problem is used to assess ______________-______________ thinking.

Which of the following is related to moral development in teenagers?

A clear understanding of ratios and proportionality, together with concepts of probability and partial association (correlation), is associated with which of the following?

Gilligan (1977) suggested that when women face moral challenges, they reason about them in terms of the altruistic need to help others and to find ways of cooperating socially in an interdependent manner, so as to draw the group together around the moral problem.

The capacity to think recursively about others' true and false beliefs is sometimes described as second- order ____________________________.

In other research with Paul Rozin, Carol Nemeroff found that adolescents' and young adults' beliefs about sexually transmitted disease were often ______________ , displaying the same tendency towards using ______________ reasoning in place of the logic of formal- operational reasoning as a source of causal explanations for infection and personal vulnerability.

One of the key criticisms of Kohlberg's original longitudinal interviews was that it included no ______________ respondents, and the chief protagonist in most of Kohlberg's dilemmas was ______________ .

Which of the following is the best description of diffusion tensor imaging?