Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Descending analgesic pathways are believed to suppress transmission in the pain pathways as they enter the spinal cord by blocking the release of substance P.

Night blindness develops from a deficiency of vitamin ____________________.

The salivary glands and the eye are sympathetically innervated by cranial nerves.

Which of the following best describes nicotinic receptors?

Sympathetic preganglionic fibres originate in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

Match the structures, labelled a. through h., with their proper sequence of involvement in the visual pathway. a.bipolar neurons b.optic nerve c.lateral geniculate nucleus d.rods and cones e.visual cortex f.optic tracts g.ganglion cells h.optic radiations -first

Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity at the salivary glands is antagonistic.

Match the chemicals, labelled a. through e., with their characteristics. a.black widow spider venom b.curare c.Clostridium botulinum toxin d.organophosphate -blocks release of ACh

Which of the following best describes endorphins and enkephalins?

Clostridium botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholinesterase.

Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the parasympathetic nervous system?

Phasic receptors are rapidly adapting receptors.

Glucose interacts with ____________________ receptor binding sites on the surface of the tongue.

Which of the following pertains to acetylcholinesterase?

The fibres in the lateral half of each optic nerve cross over at the optic chiasm.

Match the types of autonomic receptors, labelled a. through e., with their characteristic(s). (More than one answer may apply.) a.nicotinic receptors b.muscarinic receptors c.alpha receptors d.beta-1 receptors e.beta-2 receptors -adrenergic receptors found primarily in the heart

Match the receptors, labelled a. through c., to their locations. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.chemoreceptors b.mechanoreceptors c.photoreceptors -retina

Sour taste is caused by the hydrogen ions from acids.

Match the eye disorders, labelled a. through i., with their descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.colour blindness b.night blindness c.glaucoma d.hyperopia e.diplopia f.presbyopia g.myopia h.cataract i.astigmatism -images from two eyes not fused within cortex

A(n) ____________________ neuron sends impulses away from the CNS.