Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

Which of the following statements correctly describes the motor end plate?

Cocaine ____________________ the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

When light of suitable wavelength strikes a photoreceptor, the photopigment (absorbs or reflects) the light, causing the photopigment to (dissociate or regenerate). This photopigment transformation acts through a second messenger system to cause Na⁺ channels in the outer segment to (open or close). Subsequently, the photoreceptor (depolarizes or hyperpolarizes), which results in a(n) (increase or decrease) in release of an (inhibitory or excitatory) transmitter from its synaptic terminal.

The sympathetic nervous system is always excitatory to the organs it innervates.

Match the rods and cones, labelled a. through c., with their properties. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.rods b.cones c.both rods and cones -much convergence in pathways

Match the types of autonomic receptors, labelled a. through e., with their characteristic(s). (More than one answer may apply.) a.nicotinic receptors b.muscarinic receptors c.alpha receptors d.beta-1 receptors e.beta-2 receptors -response to activation of this type of adrenergic receptor usually excitatory

The ossicular system transmits the vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window, the movement of which sets up pressure waves in the cochlear fluid.

The parasympathetic nervous system affects all of these organs EXCEPT

Which of these structures is NOT found inside the cochlear duct?

Match the types of autonomic receptors, labelled a. through e., with their characteristic(s). (More than one answer may apply.) a.nicotinic receptors b.muscarinic receptors c.alpha receptors d.beta-1 receptors e.beta-2 receptors -bind with acetylcholine released from all autonomic preganglionic fibres

Transmission of sound through the middle ear would result in ______________________.

Which statement does NOT describe cones?

Photoreceptors are depolarized in the absence of stimulation (i.e., in the dark), and hyperpolarized when stimulated (i.e., when exposed to light).

Binding of ACh with receptor sites on the motor end plate opens chemical messenger-gated cation channels in the motor end plate, bringing about depolarization of the motor end plate.

Which of these results follows the smaller the receptive fields in a region?

Which of the following statements applies correctly to the ossicular system of the ear?

Rods and cones synapse with ____________________ cells that, in turn, synapse with ganglion cells before entering the optic nerve.

Match the divisions, labelled a. through d., with the anatomical and physiological autonomic features. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.parasympathetic division b.sympathetic division c.both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions d.neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic divisions -short preganglionic fibres

Match the terms, labelled a. through c., with their descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.timbre (quality) b.pitch (tone) c.intensity of a sound wave (loudness) -dependent on the overtones

Osmoreceptors are sensitive to changing solute concentrations.