Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

By ____________________, a stimulus of the same intensity does not elicit a receptor potential of the same magnitude.

Receptors transduce one form of energy into electrical energy.

Match the receptors, labelled a. through d., with their function. a.tonic receptor b.phasic receptor c.specialized receptor ending of afferent neuron d.separate cell serving as a receptor -provides information about changes in the energy form being monitored

The term cataract refers to the condition in which the lens becomes stiff and loses its elasticity.

Match the receptors, labelled a. through d., with their function. a.tonic receptor b.phasic receptor c.specialized receptor ending of afferent neuron d.separate cell serving as a receptor -generates action potentials in afferent neuron by opening voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

Match the part of the autonomic nervous system, labelled a. through d., with its description(s). (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.sympathetic nervous system b.parasympathetic nervous system c.both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d.neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic nervous system -predominates in relaxed situations

Match the ear parts, labelled a. through e., with their characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.external ear b.middle ear c.cochlea in the inner ear d.semicircular canal in the inner ear e.utricle and saccule in the inner ear -contains the organ of Corti, whose hair cells are bent during vibration of the basilar membrane

What helps reduce internal reflection (scattering of light within the eye)?

The intensity of a stimulus is coded by the ____________________ of the action potentials sent along the related afferent neuron.

Second- and third-order sensory neurons synapse in the thalamus.

The ____________________ is the ossicle attached to the oval window.

Muscarinic receptors are found on the effector cells innervated by the sympathetic division.

Match the ear parts, labelled a. through e., with their characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.external ear b.middle ear c.cochlea in the inner ear d.semicircular canal in the inner ear e.utricle and saccule in the inner ear -components aligned in three different planes all perpendicular to each other

The greater the curvature of a lens, the greater its ability to refract light rays.

Which of the following conditions is caused by vitamin A deficiency?

Match the chemicals, labelled a. through e., with their characteristics. a.black widow spider venom b.curare c.Clostridium botulinum toxin d.organophosphate -causes explosive release of ACh

What happens when there is deflection of the basilar membrane?

Which of the following are the two subtypes of cholinergic receptors?

Rods and cones have a G protein called ____________________.

Botulism is caused by a toxin from the bacterium of the group (genus) ___________.