Question 1

In a urine test, what may indicate damaged kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A) high protein content 
B) high sugar content 
C) acidic urine 
D) alkaline urine 
E) chemicals present in urine 
A) high protein content 
B) high sugar content 
C) acidic urine 
D) alkaline urine 
E) chemicals present in urine

Question 2

Four of the five answers are correct statements about endothermic animals. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) They use more energy than ectotherms. 
B) They are active at a wider range of temperatures than ectotherms. 
C) They have a higher metabolic rate than ectotherms. 
D) They have fur, hair, or feathers for insulation. 
E) They adjust their temperature by changing their location. 
A) They use more energy than ectotherms. 
B) They are active at a wider range of temperatures than ectotherms. 
C) They have a higher metabolic rate than ectotherms. 
D) They have fur, hair, or feathers for insulation. 
E) They adjust their temperature by changing their location.

Question 3

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called a ____.

Accepted Answer

A) renal pelvis 
B) renal capsule 
C) nephron 
D) ureter 
E) urethra 
A) renal pelvis 
B) renal capsule 
C) nephron 
D) ureter 
E) urethra

Question 4

Conversion of ammonia to ____ requires less energy but results in more water loss.

Accepted Answer

A) urine 
B) urea 
C) uric acid 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) hemolymph 
A) urine 
B) urea 
C) uric acid 
D) carbon dioxide 
E) hemolymph

Question 5

Animals lose unwanted solutes through ____.

Accepted Answer

A) urinary excretion only 
B) respiration only 
C) feces only 
D) feces, respiration, secretions, and urinary excretion 
E) lymph filtering 
A) urinary excretion only 
B) respiration only 
C) feces only 
D) feces, respiration, secretions, and urinary excretion 
E) lymph filtering

Question 6

What is part of a vertebrate's response to hot temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) widespread vasodilation in skin 
B) shivering 
C) decreased respiration 
D) shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body 
E) increased metabolism 
A) widespread vasodilation in skin 
B) shivering 
C) decreased respiration 
D) shunting of the blood to the core regions of the body 
E) increased metabolism

Question 7

​The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to ____ and actively pumps ____ into the interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) ​water; sodium 
B) ​protein; water 
C) ​sodium; urea 
D) ​hydrogen ions; sodium 
E) ​urea; protein 
A) ​water; sodium 
B) ​protein; water 
C) ​sodium; urea 
D) ​hydrogen ions; sodium 
E) ​urea; protein

Question 8

The primary thermostat of the vertebrate body is located in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) heart 
B) hypothalamus 
C) medulla oblongata 
D) cerebellum 
E) thyroid gland 
A) heart 
B) hypothalamus 
C) medulla oblongata 
D) cerebellum 
E) thyroid gland

Question 9

Filtrate that is removed from the blood is collected by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) loop of Henle 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal tubule 
D) proximal tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule 
A) loop of Henle 
B) glomerulus 
C) distal tubule 
D) proximal tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule

Question 10

The main mechanism by which humans cool their bodies is by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ingesting water 
B) panting 
C) salivation 
D) vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels 
E) sweating 
A) ingesting water 
B) panting 
C) salivation 
D) vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels 
E) sweating

Question 11

The hormone that influences sodium reabsorption in the kidney is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) cortisone 
C) aldosterone 
D) corticotropic hormone 
E) adrenaline 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) cortisone 
C) aldosterone 
D) corticotropic hormone 
E) adrenaline

Question 12

What is the name given to the fluid removed from the blood but not yet processed by the nephron tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) urine 
B) water 
C) urethral fluid 
D) filtrate 
E) renal plasma 
A) urine 
B) water 
C) urethral fluid 
D) filtrate 
E) renal plasma

Question 13

A kidney dialysis machine removes solutes from the blood by means of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) pinocytosis 
B) exocytosis 
C) diffusion 
D) active transport 
E) bulk flow 
A) pinocytosis 
B) exocytosis 
C) diffusion 
D) active transport 
E) bulk flow

Question 14

The risk of kidney stones increases with ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a high carbohydrate diet 
B) a low calcium diet 
C) being female 
D) obesity 
E) drinking too much water 
A) a high carbohydrate diet 
B) a low calcium diet 
C) being female 
D) obesity 
E) drinking too much water

Question 15

In the accompanying figure, most water and solutes are reabsorbed here.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

Four of the five answers listed below are the result of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Water is reabsorbed in the distal tubule. 
B) The fluid volume of blood increases. 
C) The solute concentration in the blood rises. 
D) The distal tubule and collecting duct become more permeable to water. 
E) Urine becomes more concentrated. 
A) Water is reabsorbed in the distal tubule. 
B) The fluid volume of blood increases. 
C) The solute concentration in the blood rises. 
D) The distal tubule and collecting duct become more permeable to water. 
E) Urine becomes more concentrated.

Question 17

Which symptom is indicative of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A) sugar in the urine 
B) acidic urine 
C) alkaline urine 
D) luteinizing hormone in the urine 
E) protein in the urine 
A) sugar in the urine 
B) acidic urine 
C) alkaline urine 
D) luteinizing hormone in the urine 
E) protein in the urine

Question 18

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same organ. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) distal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) ureter 
D) proximal tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule 
A) distal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) ureter 
D) proximal tubule 
E) Bowman's capsule

Question 19

The hormones that exercise control over urine concentration affect ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Bowman's capsule 
B) the proximal tubule 
C) the distal tubule and collecting tubule 
D) the loop of Henle 
E) the urinary bladder 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) the proximal tubule 
C) the distal tubule and collecting tubule 
D) the loop of Henle 
E) the urinary bladder

Question 20

​Match the excretory organ with the correct description. Answers may be used more than once.
-​in kangaroo rats, functions to conserve water

Accepted Answer

A) ​nephridium 
B) ​Malpighian tubules 
C) ​kidneys 
A) ​nephridium 
B) ​Malpighian tubules 
C) ​kidneys

Exam 37: Maintaining the Internal Environment

In a urine test, what may indicate damaged kidneys?

Four of the five answers are correct statements about endothermic animals. Select the exception.

The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is called a ____.

Conversion of ammonia to ____ requires less energy but results in more water loss.

Animals lose unwanted solutes through ____.

What is part of a vertebrate's response to hot temperature?

​The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to ____ and actively pumps ____ into the interstitial fluid.

The primary thermostat of the vertebrate body is located in the ____.

Filtrate that is removed from the blood is collected by the ____.

The main mechanism by which humans cool their bodies is by ____.

The hormone that influences sodium reabsorption in the kidney is ____.

What is the name given to the fluid removed from the blood but not yet processed by the nephron tubules?

A kidney dialysis machine removes solutes from the blood by means of ____.

The risk of kidney stones increases with ____.

In the accompanying figure, most water and solutes are reabsorbed here.

Four of the five answers listed below are the result of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) secretion. Select the exception.

Which symptom is indicative of a bacterial infection?

Four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same organ. Select the exception.

The hormones that exercise control over urine concentration affect ____.

​Match the excretory organ with the correct description. Answers may be used more than once. -​in kangaroo rats, functions to conserve water

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to and actively pumps into the interstitial fluid.

Match the excretory organ with the correct description. Answers may be used more than once. -in kangaroo rats, functions to conserve water