Question 1

Match each term with the best description.
-a general term for a disease-causing agent

Accepted Answer

A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen 
A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen

Question 2

Match each term with the best description.
-virus that infects bacteria

Accepted Answer

A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen 
A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen

Question 3

When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, it forces the cell to manufacture more ____.

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria for energy for the virus 
B) liposomes to isolate themselves from water 
C) food particles 
D) viral particles 
E) Golgi bodies in order to secrete the excess viruses 
A) mitochondria for energy for the virus 
B) liposomes to isolate themselves from water 
C) food particles 
D) viral particles 
E) Golgi bodies in order to secrete the excess viruses

Question 4

How does a retrovirus prepare its genetic material for incorporation into the host cell genome?

Accepted Answer

A) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. 
B) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral single-stranded DNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. 
C) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral RNA. 
D) Host enzymes incorporate viral RNA directly into the genome. 
E) Host enzymes convert viral RNA to double-stranded viral DNA. 
A) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. 
B) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral single-stranded DNA to make double-stranded viral DNA. 
C) Viral reverse transcriptase uses viral RNA to make double-stranded viral RNA. 
D) Host enzymes incorporate viral RNA directly into the genome. 
E) Host enzymes convert viral RNA to double-stranded viral DNA.

Question 5

Four of the five answers listed below are bacterial structures. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) pilus 
C) capsule 
D) protein coat 
E) plasma membrane 
A) cell wall 
B) pilus 
C) capsule 
D) protein coat 
E) plasma membrane

Question 6

Match each term with the best description.
-uses reverse transcriptase to produce viral DNA in a host

Accepted Answer

A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen 
A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen

Question 7

Match each term with the best description.
-disease that was previously unknown or is spreading to a new region

Accepted Answer

A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen 
A) emerging disease 
B) bacteriophage 
C) vector 
D) retrovirus 
E) pathogen

Question 8

The process of conjugation is described by four of the five statements below. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) In the process of conjugation, one cell gives a plasmid to another cell. 
B) Cells get together for conjugation when one cell extends a sex pilus to another cell. 
C) The cell that made the sex pilus passes a copy of its plasmid to the other cell. 
D) Conjugation is a mode of cellular reproduction. 
E) Each cell involved in the exchange can pass the plasmid on to other cells during future gene transfers. 
A) In the process of conjugation, one cell gives a plasmid to another cell. 
B) Cells get together for conjugation when one cell extends a sex pilus to another cell. 
C) The cell that made the sex pilus passes a copy of its plasmid to the other cell. 
D) Conjugation is a mode of cellular reproduction. 
E) Each cell involved in the exchange can pass the plasmid on to other cells during future gene transfers.

Question 9

Which mechanism(s) of obtaining energy and nutrients are only present in bacteria and archaea, but not eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotrophs only 
B) chemoautotrophs only 
C) photoheterotrophs only 
D) chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs 
E) chemoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs 
A) photoautotrophs only 
B) chemoautotrophs only 
C) photoheterotrophs only 
D) chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs 
E) chemoautotrophs and photoheterotrophs

Question 10

Which bacterial structure is intracellular?

Accepted Answer

A) flagellum 
B) pilus 
C) plasmid 
D) capsule 
E) cell wall 
A) flagellum 
B) pilus 
C) plasmid 
D) capsule 
E) cell wall

Question 11

Which category of bacteria provides the greatest benefit to technological production of crop plants?

Accepted Answer

A) spirochetes 
B) heat-loving T. aquaticus 
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
D) Agrobacterium 
E) L. acidophilus 
A) spirochetes 
B) heat-loving T. aquaticus 
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria 
D) Agrobacterium 
E) L. acidophilus

Question 12

Which type of toxin(s) directly harm cells when absorbed from the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) viral exotoxins 
B) viral endotoxins 
C) bacterial exotoxins 
D) bacterial endotoxins 
E) all bacterial molecules 
A) viral exotoxins 
B) viral endotoxins 
C) bacterial exotoxins 
D) bacterial endotoxins 
E) all bacterial molecules

Question 13

Organisms that make their own food using inorganic carbons and chemical energy are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotrophs 
B) photoheterotrophs 
C) chemoautotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs 
E) decomposers 
A) photoautotrophs 
B) photoheterotrophs 
C) chemoautotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs 
E) decomposers

Question 14

Methanogens are classified as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) photoautotrophs 
B) chemoautotrophs 
C) photoheterotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs 
E) chemotrophs 
A) photoautotrophs 
B) chemoautotrophs 
C) photoheterotrophs 
D) chemoheterotrophs 
E) chemotrophs

Question 15

Four of the five answers listed below are differences between archaea and bacteria. Select the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall components 
B) plasma membrane components 
C) enzymes used in transcription and translation 
D) DNA nucleotides 
E) DNA and histone organization 
A) cell wall components 
B) plasma membrane components 
C) enzymes used in transcription and translation 
D) DNA nucleotides 
E) DNA and histone organization

Question 16

Which bacteria is the cause of potentially fatal diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Vibrio cholerae 
B) Helicobacter pylori 
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Streptococcus 
E) Lactobacillus 
A) Vibrio cholerae 
B) Helicobacter pylori 
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D) Streptococcus 
E) Lactobacillus

Question 17

The lysogenic pathway is characterized by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome 
B) extensive transcription of viral DNA 
C) release of phages 
D) host cell death 
E) no dormant stage 
A) integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome 
B) extensive transcription of viral DNA 
C) release of phages 
D) host cell death 
E) no dormant stage

Question 18

Zika is an emerging disease because it ____.

Accepted Answer

A) has never appeared in humans before 
B) only appeared in humans in the last 10 years 
C) has recently spread to new parts of the globe 
D) has mutated to become more infectious 
E) readily infects animals and people 
A) has never appeared in humans before 
B) only appeared in humans in the last 10 years 
C) has recently spread to new parts of the globe 
D) has mutated to become more infectious 
E) readily infects animals and people

Question 19

When two viruses infect a cell at the same time, there is a possibility of gene exchange between the two. This is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) gene swapping 
B) horizontal gene transfer 
C) viral exchange 
D) viral reassortment 
E) conjugation 
A) gene swapping 
B) horizontal gene transfer 
C) viral exchange 
D) viral reassortment 
E) conjugation

Question 20

Protective layers outside the bacterial cell membrane include ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cell walls only 
B) capsules only 
C) envelopes only 
D) cell walls and plasmids 
E) cell walls and capsules 
A) cell walls only 
B) capsules only 
C) envelopes only 
D) cell walls and plasmids 
E) cell walls and capsules

Exam 19: Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

Match each term with the best description. -a general term for a disease-causing agent

Match each term with the best description. -virus that infects bacteria

When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, it forces the cell to manufacture more ____.

How does a retrovirus prepare its genetic material for incorporation into the host cell genome?

Four of the five answers listed below are bacterial structures. Select the exception.

Match each term with the best description. -uses reverse transcriptase to produce viral DNA in a host

Match each term with the best description. -disease that was previously unknown or is spreading to a new region

The process of conjugation is described by four of the five statements below. Select the exception.

Which mechanism(s) of obtaining energy and nutrients are only present in bacteria and archaea, but not eukaryotes?

Which bacterial structure is intracellular?

Which category of bacteria provides the greatest benefit to technological production of crop plants?

Which type of toxin(s) directly harm cells when absorbed from the environment?

Organisms that make their own food using inorganic carbons and chemical energy are ____.

Methanogens are classified as ____.

Four of the five answers listed below are differences between archaea and bacteria. Select the exception.

Which bacteria is the cause of potentially fatal diarrhea?

The lysogenic pathway is characterized by ____.

Zika is an emerging disease because it ____.

When two viruses infect a cell at the same time, there is a possibility of gene exchange between the two. This is called ____.

Protective layers outside the bacterial cell membrane include ____.

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