Question 1

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  ribosomes 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  cell membrane 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  ribosomes 
E)  cytoplasm

Question 2

Important components of coenzymes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamins 
B)  metallic ions 
C)  active sites 
D)  substrates 
E)  ribozymes 
A)  vitamins 
B)  metallic ions 
C)  active sites 
D)  substrates 
E)  ribozymes

Question 3

When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product, this control is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  feedback inhibition (negative feedback) 
B)  competitive inhibition 
C)  enzyme induction 
D)  enzyme repression 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  feedback inhibition (negative feedback) 
B)  competitive inhibition 
C)  enzyme induction 
D)  enzyme repression 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 4

The RN educates the patient and her family about cellular metabolism. Which of the following processes is common to fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The electron transport system 
D)  Glycosylation 
A)  Glycolysis 
B)  The Krebs cycle 
C)  The electron transport system 
D)  Glycosylation

Question 5

In aerobic respiration, the majority of the reduced coenzyme NADH is produced in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  the Krebs cycle 
C)  the electron transport chain 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  the cell membrane 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  the Krebs cycle 
C)  the electron transport chain 
D)  photosynthesis 
E)  the cell membrane

Question 6

The organism is found to grow throughout the entire tube of broth media. Which of the following terms best describes the oxygen requirement of this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obligate aerobe 
B)  Microaerophile 
C)  Facultative anaerobe 
D)  Obligate anaerobe 
A)  Obligate aerobe 
B)  Microaerophile 
C)  Facultative anaerobe 
D)  Obligate anaerobe

Question 7

Enzymes are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  broken down in reactions that require energy input 
B)  proteins that function as catalysts 
C)  used up in chemical reactions 
D)  not needed for catabolic reactions 
E)  All of the choices are correct 
A)  broken down in reactions that require energy input 
B)  proteins that function as catalysts 
C)  used up in chemical reactions 
D)  not needed for catabolic reactions 
E)  All of the choices are correct

Question 8

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate, are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  apoenzymes 
B)  axoenzymes 
C)  constitutive enzymes. 
D)  regulated enzymes 
E)  endoenzymes 
A)  apoenzymes 
B)  axoenzymes 
C)  constitutive enzymes. 
D)  regulated enzymes 
E)  endoenzymes

Question 9

Reactants are converted to products by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes releasing energy 
B)  breaking and forming bonds 
C)  enzymes binding to reactants 
D)  reactants releasing energy 
E)  None of the choices are correct 
A)  enzymes releasing energy 
B)  breaking and forming bonds 
C)  enzymes binding to reactants 
D)  reactants releasing energy 
E)  None of the choices are correct

Question 10

The complete combustion of methane is written CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. In this reaction, the methane is ________ and the oxygen is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidized; reduced 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  phosphorylated; oxidized 
D)  endergonic; exergonic 
A)  oxidized; reduced 
B)  reduced; oxidized 
C)  phosphorylated; oxidized 
D)  endergonic; exergonic

Question 11

An apoenzyme is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  part of a simple enzyme 
B)  also called a coenzyme 
C)  the protein part of a holoenzyme 
D)  often an inorganic metal ion 
E)  an RNA molecule 
A)  part of a simple enzyme 
B)  also called a coenzyme 
C)  the protein part of a holoenzyme 
D)  often an inorganic metal ion 
E)  an RNA molecule

Question 12

Which of the following statements, by the patient's mother, best represents an understanding of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolism involves the production of enzymes. 
B)  Metabolism involves all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell. 
C)  Metabolism involves the consumption of energy for workings of the cell. 
D)  Metabolism involves the production of energy for workings of the cell. 
A)  Metabolism involves the production of enzymes. 
B)  Metabolism involves all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell. 
C)  Metabolism involves the consumption of energy for workings of the cell. 
D)  Metabolism involves the production of energy for workings of the cell.

Question 13

Enzymes that hydrolyze a peptide bond are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphotransferases 
B)  oxidoreductases 
C)  peptidases 
D)  aminotransferases 
E)  ligases 
A)  phosphotransferases 
B)  oxidoreductases 
C)  peptidases 
D)  aminotransferases 
E)  ligases

Question 14

Feedback inhibition, a negative feedback mechanism that regulates enzymes, is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate binding to DNA, blocking enzyme transcription 
B)  product binding to DNA, blocking enzyme transcription 
C)  substrate binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site 
D)  product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  substrate binding to DNA, blocking enzyme transcription 
B)  product binding to DNA, blocking enzyme transcription 
C)  substrate binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site 
D)  product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following does not reflect anabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA. 
B)  Enzyme production from amino acids. 
C)  DNA replication from nucleotides. 
D)  Fatty acid assimilation to form lipids. 
A)  Beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA. 
B)  Enzyme production from amino acids. 
C)  DNA replication from nucleotides. 
D)  Fatty acid assimilation to form lipids.

Question 16

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and peptides is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism 
B)  catabolism 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  fermentation 
E)  synthesis 
A)  anabolism 
B)  catabolism 
C)  phosphorylation 
D)  fermentation 
E)  synthesis

Question 17

ATP molecules are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and an acetyl-CoA begins ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  the electron transport system 
C)  the Krebs cycle 
D)  fermentation 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  the electron transport system 
C)  the Krebs cycle 
D)  fermentation 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

An example of amphibolism is when ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs cycle, and is also used as a precursor for amino acid production 
B)  acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, and is also used for fatty acid production 
C)  intermediates of glucose oxidation are further oxidized during glycolysis, and are also harnessed for the production of complex carbohydrates 
D)  All of the above are examples of amphibolism 
A)  pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA to enter the Krebs cycle, and is also used as a precursor for amino acid production 
B)  acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle, and is also used for fatty acid production 
C)  intermediates of glucose oxidation are further oxidized during glycolysis, and are also harnessed for the production of complex carbohydrates 
D)  All of the above are examples of amphibolism

Question 20

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ________ molecules for use in glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvic acid 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH 
E)  glucose 
A)  pyruvic acid 
B)  ATP 
C)  NAD+ 
D)  NADH 
E)  glucose

Exam 7: Microbial Metabolism

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the ________.

Important components of coenzymes are ________.

When enzyme action stops due to a buildup of end product, this control is called ________.

The RN educates the patient and her family about cellular metabolism. Which of the following processes is common to fermentation, anaerobic respiration, and aerobic respiration?

In aerobic respiration, the majority of the reduced coenzyme NADH is produced in ________.

The organism is found to grow throughout the entire tube of broth media. Which of the following terms best describes the oxygen requirement of this organism?

Enzymes are ________.

Enzymes that are always present, regardless of the amount of substrate, are ________.

Reactants are converted to products by ________.

The complete combustion of methane is written CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. In this reaction, the methane is ________ and the oxygen is ________.

An apoenzyme is ________.

Which of the following statements, by the patient's mother, best represents an understanding of metabolism?

Enzymes that hydrolyze a peptide bond are called ________.

Feedback inhibition, a negative feedback mechanism that regulates enzymes, is best described as ________.

Which of the following does not reflect anabolism?

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and peptides is an example of ________.

ATP molecules are catalysts that lower the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction.

The formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and an acetyl-CoA begins ________.

An example of amphibolism is when ________.

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ________ molecules for use in glycolysis.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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The complete combustion of methane is written CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O. In this reaction, the methane is and the oxygen is .