Question 1

Each of the following bring about inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the birth process through the birth canal 
B)  bottle feeding 
C)  breast feeding 
D)  contact with hospital staff 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  the birth process through the birth canal 
B)  bottle feeding 
C)  breast feeding 
D)  contact with hospital staff 
E)  All of the choices are correct. E

Question 2

________ are bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots.

Accepted Answer

A)  Coagulases 
B)  Mucinases 
C)  Keratinases 
D)  Kinases 
E)  Hyaluronidases 
A)  Coagulases 
B)  Mucinases 
C)  Keratinases 
D)  Kinases 
E)  Hyaluronidases D

Question 3

Which of the following is not an antiphagocytic factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion of slime 
B)  Production of leukocidins 
C)  Adhering to the host 
D)  Secretion of a capsule 
E)  Ability to survive intracellularly 
A)  Secretion of slime 
B)  Production of leukocidins 
C)  Adhering to the host 
D)  Secretion of a capsule 
E)  Ability to survive intracellularly C

Question 4

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  microbial antagonism 
B)  endogenous infection 
C)  infectious disease 
D)  axenic 
E)  gnotobiotism 
A)  microbial antagonism 
B)  endogenous infection 
C)  infectious disease 
D)  axenic 
E)  gnotobiotism

Question 5

Fomites, food, and air serve as indirect transmission routes of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic defects in immunity 
B)  Physical and mental stress 
C)  Strong, healthy body 
D)  Chemotherapy 
E)  Old age 
A)  Genetic defects in immunity 
B)  Physical and mental stress 
C)  Strong, healthy body 
D)  Chemotherapy 
E)  Old age

Question 7

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

Accepted Answer

A)  To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms 
B)  To study the prevalence of disease 
C)  To study microorganisms in their natural habitat 
D)  To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease 
E)  To discover new organisms in extreme habitats 
A)  To sequence the DNA of all microorganisms 
B)  To study the prevalence of disease 
C)  To study microorganisms in their natural habitat 
D)  To provide comprehensive characterization of microbiota relating to human health and disease 
E)  To discover new organisms in extreme habitats

Question 8

Latency is a dormant state of an infectious agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Accepted Answer

A)  before birth, in utero. 
B)  during and immediately after birth. 
C)  when a child first goes to school. 
D)  when an infant gets its first infectious disease. 
E)  during puberty. 
A)  before birth, in utero. 
B)  during and immediately after birth. 
C)  when a child first goes to school. 
D)  when an infant gets its first infectious disease. 
E)  during puberty.

Question 10

Most of the skin's resident biota are found in the uppermost, superficial layers of the epidermis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Under certain circumstances, members of a person's resident biota can become opportunistic pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  syndrome 
B)  symptom 
C)  sign 
D)  pathology 
E)  inflammation 
A)  syndrome 
B)  symptom 
C)  sign 
D)  pathology 
E)  inflammation

Question 13

Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase are examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesive factors 
B)  exotoxins 
C)  hemolysins 
D)  antiphagocytic factors 
E)  exoenzymes 
A)  adhesive factors 
B)  exotoxins 
C)  hemolysins 
D)  antiphagocytic factors 
E)  exoenzymes

Question 14

An endotoxin is

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  indicative of gram-negative organisms. 
C)  indicative of gram-positive organisms. 
D)  indicative of fungal infections. 
E)  indicative of viral infections. 
A)  secreted by pathogenic organisms. 
B)  indicative of gram-negative organisms. 
C)  indicative of gram-positive organisms. 
D)  indicative of fungal infections. 
E)  indicative of viral infections.

Question 15

Mucinase has the greatest effect on the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory system 
B)  gastrointestinal system 
C)  urinary system 
D)  genital system 
E)  skin 
A)  respiratory system 
B)  gastrointestinal system 
C)  urinary system 
D)  genital system 
E)  skin

Question 16

All infectious diseases ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are contagious 
B)  occur only in humans 
C)  are caused by microorganisms or their products 
D)  are caused by vectors 
E)  involve viruses as the pathogen 
A)  are contagious 
B)  occur only in humans 
C)  are caused by microorganisms or their products 
D)  are caused by vectors 
E)  involve viruses as the pathogen

Question 17

An inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source 
A)  fomite 
B)  carrier 
C)  vector 
D)  reservoir 
E)  source

Question 18

As the RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as noted in your assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Signs 
B)  Symptoms 
C)  Syndromes 
D)  Signs and symptoms 
A)  Signs 
B)  Symptoms 
C)  Syndromes 
D)  Signs and symptoms

Question 19

Tooth decay develops when human saliva and proteins aggregate on the tooth and provide a hospitable surface for a range of microbial species to develop into a biofilm. These organisms ferment carbohydrates and the acid byproducts erode the enamel, forming caries. Tooth decay is therefore considered to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a polymicrobial infection 
B)  a state of well-being 
C)  nonharmful 
D)  noninfectious 
A)  a polymicrobial infection 
B)  a state of well-being 
C)  nonharmful 
D)  noninfectious

Question 20

Nowadays, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease, rather than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s. Educational strategies to limit transmission, coupled with advances in treatment, means that compared to 1985,

Accepted Answer

A)  the incidence has dropped and the prevalence has increased. 
B)  the incidence has increased and the prevalence has dropped. 
C)  both incidence and prevalence have increased. 
D)  both incidence and prevalence have dropped. 
A)  the incidence has dropped and the prevalence has increased. 
B)  the incidence has increased and the prevalence has dropped. 
C)  both incidence and prevalence have increased. 
D)  both incidence and prevalence have dropped.

Exam 11: Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Each of the following bring about inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except ________.

________ are bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots.

Which of the following is not an antiphagocytic factor?

The effect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called ________.

Fomites, food, and air serve as indirect transmission routes of pathogens.

Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

Latency is a dormant state of an infectious agent.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota

Most of the skin's resident biota are found in the uppermost, superficial layers of the epidermis.

Under certain circumstances, members of a person's resident biota can become opportunistic pathogens.

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a(n) ________.

Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase are examples of ________.

An endotoxin is

Mucinase has the greatest effect on the ________.

All infectious diseases ________.

An inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is a ________.

As the RN, you document the care and assessment of the patient in the chart prior to transfer to an inpatient unit. What is the most appropriate term for the clinical manifestations of disease as noted in your assessment?

Nowadays, HIV infection is considered a chronic disease, rather than the death sentence it was when it first emerged in the 1980s. Educational strategies to limit transmission, coupled with advances in treatment, means that compared to 1985,

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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