Question 1

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA sequencing 
B)  Shape 
C)  Growth pattern in a culture medium 
D)  Biochemical reaction 
E)  All of these are phenotypic traits. 
A)  rRNA sequencing 
B)  Shape 
C)  Growth pattern in a culture medium 
D)  Biochemical reaction 
E)  All of these are phenotypic traits.

Question 5

Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient's symptoms, which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aseptic collection of cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  Clean catch urine sample 
C)  Stool sample 
D)  Aseptic collection of sputum 
A)  Aseptic collection of cerebrospinal fluid 
B)  Clean catch urine sample 
C)  Stool sample 
D)  Aseptic collection of sputum

Question 6

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hook 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  filament 
D)  sheath 
E)  basal body 
A)  hook 
B)  outer membrane 
C)  filament 
D)  sheath 
E)  basal body

Question 7

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls 
B)  Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls 
C)  Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls 
D)  Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls 
B)  Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls 
C)  Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls 
D)  Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The enzyme ________, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillinase 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  peptidase 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  penicillinase 
B)  lysozyme 
C)  peptidase 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 9

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain more peptidoglycan 
B)  have a predominance of unique, waxy lipids 
C)  are easily decolorized 
D)  contain lipopolysaccharide 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  contain more peptidoglycan 
B)  have a predominance of unique, waxy lipids 
C)  are easily decolorized 
D)  contain lipopolysaccharide 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used

Accepted Answer

A)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because rRNA analysis was required in the identification of this pathogen. 
B)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because its five volumes of information were necessary for phenotypic identification of this pathogen. 
C)  Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because they needed to fully understand the evolutionary background of the pathogen. 
D)  Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings. 
A)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because rRNA analysis was required in the identification of this pathogen. 
B)  Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because its five volumes of information were necessary for phenotypic identification of this pathogen. 
C)  Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because they needed to fully understand the evolutionary background of the pathogen. 
D)  Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings.

Question 11

Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever. 
B)  Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces, which enhance their ability to cause fever. 
C)  Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane, which confer their ability to cause fever. 
D)  Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever. 
A)  Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever. 
B)  Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces, which enhance their ability to cause fever. 
C)  Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane, which confer their ability to cause fever. 
D)  Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever.

Question 12

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan, whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls, which are made of cellulose. 
B)  Bacteria and archaea have circular chromosomes in a nucleoid region whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are enclosed in a nuclear membrane. 
C)  Flagella are found on bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes yet they all vary in structure. 
D)  Ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the structure of the ribosomal subunits in archaea more closely resemble those of eukaryotes than bacteria. 
A)  The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan, whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls, which are made of cellulose. 
B)  Bacteria and archaea have circular chromosomes in a nucleoid region whereas eukaryotes have linear chromosomes that are enclosed in a nuclear membrane. 
C)  Flagella are found on bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes yet they all vary in structure. 
D)  Ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed that the structure of the ribosomal subunits in archaea more closely resemble those of eukaryotes than bacteria.

Question 14

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Filament, hook, basal body 
B)  Filament, basal body, hook 
C)  Basal body, hook, filament 
D)  Hook, basal body, filament 
E)  Basal body, filament, hook 
A)  Filament, hook, basal body 
B)  Filament, basal body, hook 
C)  Basal body, hook, filament 
D)  Hook, basal body, filament 
E)  Basal body, filament, hook

Question 15

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Corynebacterium 
E)  Salmonella 
A)  Mycobacterium 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Streptococcus 
D)  Corynebacterium 
E)  Salmonella

Question 16

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-negative 
B)  gram-positive 
C)  found in archaea 
D)  a spheroplast 
E)  acid fast 
A)  gram-negative 
B)  gram-positive 
C)  found in archaea 
D)  a spheroplast 
E)  acid fast

Question 17

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Borrelia burghdorferi 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus 
A)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
B)  Borrelia burghdorferi 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
E)  Staphylococcus aureus

Question 18

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient's symptoms, which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection?

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its ________.

Which of the following is mismatched?

The enzyme ________, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is that they ________.

The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used

Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever?

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ________.

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ________.

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ________.

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

If you observe rod-shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been Gram-stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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