Question 1

Endospores are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolically inactive 
B)  resistant to heat and chemical destruction 
C)  resistant to destruction by radiation 
D)  living structures 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  metabolically inactive 
B)  resistant to heat and chemical destruction 
C)  resistant to destruction by radiation 
D)  living structures 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 2

Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. Based upon this information, which of the following accurately describes the appearance of the bacterium under magnification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red spheres 
B)  Purple rods 
C)  Purple spheres 
D)  Red rods 
A)  Red spheres 
B)  Purple rods 
C)  Purple spheres 
D)  Red rods

Question 3

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Testing is performed on the specimen in the laboratory, including the Gram stain. This test separates bacteria into two broad classes: gram-positive and gram-negative. Which step in the staining process is the differential step, for it only acts upon one type of cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Addition of Gram's iodine (mordant) 
B)  Addition of crystal violet 
C)  Decolorization with alcohol 
D)  Addition of safranin (counterstain) 
A)  Addition of Gram's iodine (mordant) 
B)  Addition of crystal violet 
C)  Decolorization with alcohol 
D)  Addition of safranin (counterstain)

Question 6

The bacterial chromosome ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is located in the cell membrane 
B)  contains all the cell's plasmids 
C)  is part of the nucleoid 
D)  forms a single linear strand of DNA 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  is located in the cell membrane 
B)  contains all the cell's plasmids 
C)  is part of the nucleoid 
D)  forms a single linear strand of DNA 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphitrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  lophotrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  peritrichous 
A)  amphitrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  lophotrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  peritrichous

Question 9

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  material would not be able to cross the cell membrane 
B)  protein synthesis would stop 
C)  destruction of the cell's DNA 
D)  formation of glycogen inclusions 
E)  loss of the capsule 
A)  material would not be able to cross the cell membrane 
B)  protein synthesis would stop 
C)  destruction of the cell's DNA 
D)  formation of glycogen inclusions 
E)  loss of the capsule

Question 10

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  amphitrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  lophotrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  peritrichous 
A)  amphitrichous 
B)  atrichous 
C)  lophotrichous 
D)  monotrichous 
E)  peritrichous

Question 11

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  inclusions 
B)  fimbriae 
C)  capsule 
D)  slime layer 
E)  LPS 
A)  inclusions 
B)  fimbriae 
C)  capsule 
D)  slime layer 
E)  LPS

Question 12

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella 
B)  cilia 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
E)  sex pili 
A)  flagella 
B)  cilia 
C)  fimbriae 
D)  periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
E)  sex pili

Question 13

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slime layer 
B)  Fimbriae 
C)  Cell membrane 
D)  Capsule 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Slime layer 
B)  Fimbriae 
C)  Cell membrane 
D)  Capsule 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Gram-negative bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  are more susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. 
B)  are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. 
C)  stain purple in the Gram stain. 
D)  encompass all pathogens. 
E)  None of the choices is correct. 
A)  are more susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. 
B)  are less susceptible to antibiotics that target peptidoglycan than gram-positive organisms. 
C)  stain purple in the Gram stain. 
D)  encompass all pathogens. 
E)  None of the choices is correct.

Question 16

All bacterial cells have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  one or more chromosomes 
B)  one or more fimbriae 
C)  the ability to produce endospores 
D)  capsules 
E)  flagella 
A)  one or more chromosomes 
B)  one or more fimbriae 
C)  the ability to produce endospores 
D)  capsules 
E)  flagella

Question 17

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell wall 
B)  Capsule 
C)  Slime layer 
D)  Nucleoid 
E)  Endospore 
A)  Cell wall 
B)  Capsule 
C)  Slime layer 
D)  Nucleoid 
E)  Endospore

Question 18

During the Gram stain, ________ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  both gram-positive and -negative 
A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  both gram-positive and -negative

Question 19

The specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus cereus 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Bacillus cereus 
B)  Vibrio cholerae 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 20

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tenericutes 
B)  Mendosicutes 
C)  Gracilicutes 
D)  Firmicutes 
A)  Tenericutes 
B)  Mendosicutes 
C)  Gracilicutes 
D)  Firmicutes

Exam 3: Bacteria and Archaea

Endospores are ________.

Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. Based upon this information, which of the following accurately describes the appearance of the bacterium under magnification?

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

Testing is performed on the specimen in the laboratory, including the Gram stain. This test separates bacteria into two broad classes: gram-positive and gram-negative. Which step in the staining process is the differential step, for it only acts upon one type of cell?

The bacterial chromosome ________.

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from the same site is ________.

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be ________.

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is ________.

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the ________.

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ________.

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells?

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

Gram-negative bacteria

All bacterial cells have ________.

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

During the Gram stain, ________ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied.

The specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient?

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Introduction to Microbes and Their Building Blocks

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing and Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Viral Structure and Multiplication

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Physical and Chemical Control of Microbes

Antimicrobial Treatment

Interactions Between Microbes and Humans

Host Defenses I: Overview and Nonspecific Defenses

Host Defenses Ii: Specific Immunity and Immunization

Disorders in Immunity

Diagnosing Infections

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin and Eyes

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System

One Health: the Interconnected Health of the Environment, Humans, and Other Animals

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