Exam 12: More About One-Factor Experiments

Order effects are particularly problematic for ______ designs, but group differences are a problematic in ______ designs.

______ effects occur when participants are tested more than once in a study, with early testing affecting later testing.

What aspects of an experiment allow tests of causal relationships?

An extraneous factor is also called a(n) ______.

When different groups of participants receive different orders of the levels of the independent variable, this is called ______.

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is called ______.

Experiments are the best research design for answering causal research questions.

An experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals is called a small ______ design.

Provide an example of a confounding variable.

______ can be used to counter order effects.

Random assignment is useful because it removes all possibilities that groups will be biased.

Researchers may (have)used twins to create a matched set of participants based on genetics.

A ______ design is a between-subjects experiment that involves sets of participants matched on a specific characteristic with each member of the set randomly assigned to a different level of the independent variable.

In within-subjects manipulations, each participant receives ______ levels of the independent variable.

When participants are randomly assigned to levels of the independent variable in an experiment to control for individual differences as an extraneous variable, this is called ______.

In the ______ design, each subject serves as their own comparison.

Random assignment is a means of controlling for participant differences across groups and ______ the internal validity of the experiment.

Counterbalancing is ______ when there are only two conditions that participants experience in an experiment.

The primary concern with ______ variables is the order in which the participants receive the different levels of the independent variable.

Random assignment is important for ______ variables in terms of the order in which participants receive the levels of the variable to control for possible order effects of the different levels of the variable.