Exam 12: More About One-Factor Experiments

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a within-subjects experiment.

To attempt to equate the groups, participants are assigned to the different experimental treatment groups, they aren't allowed to choose the group they prefer. This is an example of ______ to control confounds.

Latin Squares can be useful for within-subjects designs where independent variables have the same number of levels.

Latin squares can be useful for within-subjects designs where independent variables have ______ level(s).

Give an example of a matched design experiment participants grouping.

A participant's gender, personality, and smoking status ______ be independent variables.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a between-subjects experiment.

Counterbalancing is relatively easy when there are only two conditions that participants will experience in an experiment.

To simplify the counterbalancing, a partial counterbalancing technique, called a ______ square, can be used.

Random assignment of participants to levels allows random distribution of participant differences across the levels.

______ effects occur when the order in which the participants experience conditions in an experiment affects the results of the study.

At minimum, the number of independent variables that must be included in a study in order for it to be classified as an experiment is ______.

Random assignment means that subjects are assigned to groups according to chance, not according to any characteristic they possess or any choice made by the researcher.

All experiments contain at least one independent variable.

One benefit of within-subject designs is that they control for ______.

To account for possible confounds, Zula assigns to the control group and experimental group one male with high math scores, and one male with low math scores and the same with female students. This appears that Zula is using ______ to control confounds.

An advantage of within-subjects manipulations is that each participant serves as his or her own comparison.

The manipulation of an independent variable in an experiment allows the researcher to learn about the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Diana has an independent variable with three levels. She uses a Latin-square design to help ensure that the orders in which participants experience the levels of the independent variable occur equally as often across participants. She is ______ the order of treatments.

An independent variable is ______.