Exam 11: More About Correlational Studies

If two factors simply co-occur, this indicates a causal relationship.

Correlational studies are used to answer descriptive and predictive research questions.

Most correlational study designs involve ______ data collection techniques.

Suppose a study was conducted to examine the relationship between how often people exercise and how happy they are with their lives. Participants in this study were asked to report how many times a week they exercise for 30 minutes or more at a time and to complete a questionnaire with items that measure their quality of life (e.g., How many times in the past week do you remember feeling happy?). A positive relationship is found between the number of times per week people exercise and their quality of life score. Discuss why we cannot conclude a causal relationship between frequency of exercise and degree of happiness.

Correlation ______ equal(s) causation.

ACT/SAT scores are considered college performance predictor variables.

Only a(n) ______ study has an independent variable.

Regardless of the type of observational technique used to measure behavior, the goal of any correlational study is to examine relationships between ______ or more measures of behavior.

Researchers typically must rely on correlational studies to learn about factors that influence one's ______.

It is ______ to conduct a study where some participants are assigned to a condition that may be harmful to them.

Many ______ studies use surveys to measure behavior.

Correlational studies can provide good tests of causal research questions.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with an increase in the other variable is called ______.

Explain the difference between a predictor and an outcome variable.

Unlike experiments, correlational studies cannot control for ______.

Correlational studies are designed to examine relationships between measured variables.

Of the following, the ______ represents the correlational research design.

In ______ studies, researchers examine two or more measures to determine if those measures are related.

A negative relation is shown by a downward slope of the cluster of data points in a graph of the data set.

Assigning one group of participants to smoke and another group not to smoke is ______.