Exam 7: Summarizing and Interpreting Data: Using Statistics

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where the bar height represents the size of the mean is called a ______.

A(n) ______ hypothesis predicts a directional effect, whereas a(n) ______ hypothesis predicts an effect in either direction.

One way that researchers sometimes estimate the population mean from the sample mean is with a confidence interval.

"In the general population, older individuals have lower memory scores than younger individuals." is a ______ hypothesis.

The decision to reject the null hypothesis in a statistical test is made when ______.

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where each mean is graphed as a point and the points are connected in a line to show differences between mean scores is a line graph.

If the p value is more than alpha, the test is said to be significant.

The critical region is the most extreme portion of a distribution of statistical values for the null hypothesis determined by the alpha level.

The ______ is the most basic measure.

If we find that an inferential test for an experiment is significant, this means that ______.

The ______ measure of variability indicates the average difference between the scores of a distribution and the mean of a distribution.

The calculated average of the scores in a distribution is the ______.

Use the following description for questions : An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that exercise affects memory in the elderly. Subjects aged 60 and older were recruited for the study. All of the subjects were presented with the same study list. Then half of the subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill for 20 minutes, while the other half of the subjects were asked to complete Sudoku puzzles for 20 minutes. Then all subjects were given a recognition test for the items in the study list. The treadmill exercise group scored significantly lower on the recognition test than the Sudoku puzzle group. -The alternative hypothesis in this study is ______.

If we retain the null hypothesis when it's really false, we have made a ______.

Two-tailed hypotheses are typically made only when a researcher has a logical reason to believe that one particular direction of the effect will occur.

Extreme high or low scores in a distribution are referred to as ______.

Reaction-time distributions typically include scores that are clustered around an average score that represents the typical speed of response.

In simple terms the null hypothesis is that a relationship ______ in the study population.

The distribution of sample means is used to determine how likely it is that any sample mean will occur for a population.

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where each mean is graphed as a point and the points are connected in a line to show differences between mean scores is called a ______.