Exam 7: Summarizing and Interpreting Data: Using Statistics

In the distribution of scores, 3, 8, 5, 9, 20, 4, the score "20" is an outlier.

The measurement of the length of time to complete a task is called ______.

A(n) ______ hypothesis predicts no effect, whereas a(n) ______ hypothesis predicts an effect.

A Type II error is an error made in a significance test when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

The ______ is determined by calculating the difference between each score and the mean, squaring those values, adding them up, and dividing by n-1.

A graph of the means for different conditions in a study where the bar length represents the size of the mean is a bar graph.

The number of scores that can vary in the calculation of a statistic is called the ______.

The ______ statistics summarize a distribution, while the ______ statistics provide a test of the hypothesis.

Suppose that in reality the null hypothesis is true for this effect. In this case, what type of decision has been made in the above statement (correct, Type I error, or Type II error)?

Three basic measures are commonly used to indicate the central tendency of a distribution including all but ______.

The middle score in a distribution, such that half of the scores are above, and half are below that value, is the ______.

What does the p value in an inferential test represent?

For correlational studies with a predictor and outcome, the predictor variable is typically plotted on the ______.

For correlational studies with a predictor and outcome, the outcome variable is typically plotted on the x-axis.

The most common score in a distribution is the ______.

Discuss why it is important to summarize what a study's data contain before trying to analyze if the sample is representative and our hypothesis supported.

There are three main categories of descriptive statistics that help researchers summarize data including all but ______.

A Type II error is an error made in a significance test when the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false.

When a distribution includes several outliers, researchers often report the ______ in addition to or instead of the mean.

For the study above, suppose the test to compare the conditions resulted in a p value of .037. What decision should the researcher make in this case?