Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

Getting better on a task in a study with practice can cause a source of bias called ______.

The difference between an independent variable and a quasi-independent variable is that the quasi-independent variable lacks ______.

Testing effects are particularly problematic for ______ designs.

Demand characteristics can affect the validity of a study.

External validity can be reduced by ______ reducing representativeness of the study.

Explain how the concepts of validity and reliability differ.

How consistent the measurements are is called ______.

Independent variables can be manipulated according to all but ______.

Comparing scores on a depression questionnaire using different types of drugs or therapies is type variable of the dependent variable.

An independent variable that includes three different types of treatments is called a(n) ______ variable.

"Regression toward the mean" means that extreme scores are not likely to recur.

A variable that affects the results of the study but is not a variable of interest in the study, is called a(n) ______ variable.

A survey response scale that involves pictorial response categories for participants with low verbal skills is a ______.

Measuring intelligence using the score on an IQ test is an example of ______.

Some examples of common quasi-independent variables used in psychological research include gender, age, personality types (e.g., introverts and extroverts), and ethnicity.

The best way to design a good causal experiment (or even a good quasi-experiment) is to use ______.

A procedure used to hide the group assignment from the participants in a study to prevent their beliefs about the effectiveness of a treatment from affecting the results is ______.

If I set my alarm to read 8:10 when it is really 8:00 (i.e., it is 10 minutes fast) and the alarm goes off each day when it reads 8:10, it will be ______ but not ______.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaire would have lower validity if used to collect data about anxiety on young children under the age of 4.

People in a grocery store are asked to sample three types of energy drinks and then indicate which one they liked best and which they liked least (i.e., they rank ordered the drinks). The dependent variable in this study is measured on a(n) ______ scale.