Exam 5: Variables and Measurement in Research

Nominal scales are considered ______ data.

Explain the difference between construct validity and face validity. Please provide examples.

A sugar pill given to the control group in a drug study to allow all groups to believe that they are receiving a treatment is using ______.

A solution to experimenter bias is to use a(n) ______ design.

Experimenter bias occurs when in a study a researcher inadvertently treats groups the same due to knowledge of the hypothesis for the study.

The simplest scale of measurement is the ordinal scale.

Placebo effects can be an issue when multiple testing sessions occur in a study.

An independent variable that includes two levels is called a(n) ______ variable.

______ validity means that on the surface, a study or scale appears to be intuitively valid.

Any characteristic that can be measured or observed from the participants can be used to create a ______ variable in a study.

______ is a source of bias that can occur in a study due to participants changing their behavior based on their perception of the study and its purpose.

The difference between nominal and ordinal measurement scales is ______.

Ways to minimize the Hawthorne effect does not include ______.

A mono-blind design is used to combat effects of subjects' knowledge of their group assignment.

Suppose that a participant completes a task in a research study faster than he or she would have completed the task outside the study (i.e., in their natural surroundings). This would be an example of ______.

The ratio scale is defined as an unordered category.

Time measured in minutes is an example of a(n) ______ scale.

A quasi-independent variable is the same as ______.

When the effectiveness of a drug is tested, the treatment group typically receives a placebo to equate beliefs of effectiveness of treatment across groups.

Confounding variables primarily threaten the ______ of a study.