Question 1

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It focuses too much on change and too little on stability. 
B)  It focuses too little on common daily experiences. 
C)  It focuses too much on life's major events. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  It focuses too much on change and too little on stability. 
B)  It focuses too little on common daily experiences. 
C)  It focuses too much on life's major events. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 2

The Berkeley longitudinal studies indicated that life-span personality development is marked by

Accepted Answer

A)  significant change. 
B)  significant stability. 
C)  neither extreme change nor extreme stability. 
D)  significant flux in self-confidence. 
A)  significant change. 
B)  significant stability. 
C)  neither extreme change nor extreme stability. 
D)  significant flux in self-confidence.

Question 3

Sometimes Kianna wants to become a lawyer and focuses her attention on school work. Other times she finds playing with children so fun and spends most of her time as a volunteer at a preschool. Kianna's change of interests is an example of Erikson's

Accepted Answer

A)  identity withdrawal. 
B)  identity confusion. 
C)  psychosocial confusion. 
D)  psychosocial moratorium. 
A)  identity withdrawal. 
B)  identity confusion. 
C)  psychosocial confusion. 
D)  psychosocial moratorium.

Question 4

According to Marcia, adolescents who have explored alternatives and have made a commitment are in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  foreclosure. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  achievement. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  foreclosure. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  achievement.

Question 5

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were ______ in early adulthood, ________ between 40-60 years of age, and _____ in late adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; stable; decreased 
B)  lower; peaked; decreased 
C)  lower; increased; peaked 
D)  higher; decreased; peaked 
A)  higher; stable; decreased 
B)  lower; peaked; decreased 
C)  lower; increased; peaked 
D)  higher; decreased; peaked

Question 6

What type of personality theories are based on the notion that people can be described in terms of the basic ways they behave?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  environmental 
C)  psychosocial 
D)  trait 
A)  behaviorist 
B)  environmental 
C)  psychosocial 
D)  trait

Question 7

What are the Big Five factors of personality?

Accepted Answer

1. openness to exper

Question 8

Maria is a family therapist. She encourages her clients to recognize and respect other's points of view and be open to different ideas. Maria is fostering a sense of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-assertion. 
B)  connectedness. 
C)  individuality. 
D)  separateness. 
A)  self-assertion. 
B)  connectedness. 
C)  individuality. 
D)  separateness.

Question 9

According to Marcia, the existence of an individual's crisis or commitment in the process of developing a self determines their

Accepted Answer

A)  identity diffusion. 
B)  identity status. 
C)  identity foreclosure. 
D)  identity moratorium. 
A)  identity diffusion. 
B)  identity status. 
C)  identity foreclosure. 
D)  identity moratorium.

Question 10

All of the following are possible reasons why older adults don't have lower self-esteem than young or middle-aged adults EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  they don't interpret their "losses" as negatively as younger adults would. 
B)  they are able to reach their emotion-related goals. 
C)  their knowledge-related goals have increased. 
D)  they compare themselves with other older adults rather than younger adults. 
A)  they don't interpret their "losses" as negatively as younger adults would. 
B)  they are able to reach their emotion-related goals. 
C)  their knowledge-related goals have increased. 
D)  they compare themselves with other older adults rather than younger adults.

Question 11

Letti allows her young son to try many different activities-sports, chess, music, and so on. She wants him to discover his natural abilities and interests in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  help him realize his limitations. 
B)  decrease his self-consciousness. 
C)  increase his self-esteem. 
D)  increase his multiple selves. 
A)  help him realize his limitations. 
B)  decrease his self-consciousness. 
C)  increase his self-esteem. 
D)  increase his multiple selves.

Question 12

As articulated by James Marcia, an adolescent who is in one of his four stages of identity development but has not yet experienced a crisis could be experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  identity diffusion or identity foreclosure. 
B)  identity foreclosure or identity moratorium. 
C)  identity moratorium or identity achievement. 
D)  identity achievement or identity diffusion. 
A)  identity diffusion or identity foreclosure. 
B)  identity foreclosure or identity moratorium. 
C)  identity moratorium or identity achievement. 
D)  identity achievement or identity diffusion.

Question 13

In the individual variations view of middle adulthood development, it is important to recognize that

Accepted Answer

A)  the vast majority of individuals face a long and turbulent midlife crisis. 
B)  some individuals may experience a midlife crisis in some contexts of their lives but not others. 
C)  a midlife crisis occurs in all domains of life at about the same time. 
D)  the less publicized female midlife crisis revolves around the loss of fertility. 
A)  the vast majority of individuals face a long and turbulent midlife crisis. 
B)  some individuals may experience a midlife crisis in some contexts of their lives but not others. 
C)  a midlife crisis occurs in all domains of life at about the same time. 
D)  the less publicized female midlife crisis revolves around the loss of fertility.

Question 14

Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  life review. 
B)  the fluctuating self. 
C)  possible selves. 
D)  self-esteem. 
A)  life review. 
B)  the fluctuating self. 
C)  possible selves. 
D)  self-esteem.

Question 15

Emily tried several different majors at school for a long time. Now, at graduation, she feels strongly interested in business and looks forward to a long career in this area. According to Marcia, Emily is in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement. 
B)  moratorium. 
C)  foreclosure. 
D)  diffusion. 
A)  achievement. 
B)  moratorium. 
C)  foreclosure. 
D)  diffusion.

Question 16

What can we safely say about the stability and change issue of personality development?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that in contrast to the t

Question 17

According to Marcia, adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments or show no interest in such matters are in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  foreclosure. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  achievement. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  foreclosure. 
C)  moratorium. 
D)  achievement.

Question 18

Joann is an older adult who attends a group that shares its past experiences, familiar objects, and photographs with each other. This kind of therapy is known as _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  life review 
B)  reminiscence 
C)  regression 
D)  narcissism 
A)  life review 
B)  reminiscence 
C)  regression 
D)  narcissism

Question 19

Today, most personality psychologists believe that personality is a product of

Accepted Answer

A)  traits. 
B)  situation. 
C)  trait-situation interaction. 
D)  the Big Five factors. 
A)  traits. 
B)  situation. 
C)  trait-situation interaction. 
D)  the Big Five factors.

Question 20

According to the cumulative personality model of personality development, as people age they become more adept at

Accepted Answer

A)  personality change. 
B)  identifying negative personality traits in others. 
C)  interacting with their environment in ways that support personality stability. 
D)  resisting any changes. 
A)  personality change. 
B)  identifying negative personality traits in others. 
C)  interacting with their environment in ways that support personality stability. 
D)  resisting any changes.

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized for which of the following reasons?

The Berkeley longitudinal studies indicated that life-span personality development is marked by

Sometimes Kianna wants to become a lawyer and focuses her attention on school work. Other times she finds playing with children so fun and spends most of her time as a volunteer at a preschool. Kianna's change of interests is an example of Erikson's

According to Marcia, adolescents who have explored alternatives and have made a commitment are in a state of identity

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were __ in early adulthood, between 40-60 years of age, and _ in late adulthood.

What type of personality theories are based on the notion that people can be described in terms of the basic ways they behave?

What are the Big Five factors of personality?

Maria is a family therapist. She encourages her clients to recognize and respect other's points of view and be open to different ideas. Maria is fostering a sense of

According to Marcia, the existence of an individual's crisis or commitment in the process of developing a self determines their

All of the following are possible reasons why older adults don't have lower self-esteem than young or middle-aged adults EXCEPT

Letti allows her young son to try many different activities-sports, chess, music, and so on. She wants him to discover his natural abilities and interests in order to

As articulated by James Marcia, an adolescent who is in one of his four stages of identity development but has not yet experienced a crisis could be experiencing

In the individual variations view of middle adulthood development, it is important to recognize that

Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an example of

Emily tried several different majors at school for a long time. Now, at graduation, she feels strongly interested in business and looks forward to a long career in this area. According to Marcia, Emily is in a state of identity

What can we safely say about the stability and change issue of personality development?

According to Marcia, adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments or show no interest in such matters are in a state of identity

Joann is an older adult who attends a group that shares its past experiences, familiar objects, and photographs with each other. This kind of therapy is known as _____ therapy.

Today, most personality psychologists believe that personality is a product of

According to the cumulative personality model of personality development, as people age they become more adept at

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical Development and Biological Aging

Health

Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Information Processing

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

Gender and Sexuality

Moral Development, Values, and Religion

Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting

Peers and the Sociocultural World

Schools, Achievement, and Work

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Exam 11: The Self, Identity, and Personality

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized for which of the following reasons?

The Berkeley longitudinal studies indicated that life-span personality development is marked by

Sometimes Kianna wants to become a lawyer and focuses her attention on school work. Other times she finds playing with children so fun and spends most of her time as a volunteer at a preschool. Kianna's change of interests is an example of Erikson's

According to Marcia, adolescents who have explored alternatives and have made a commitment are in a state of identity

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were ______ in early adulthood, ________ between 40-60 years of age, and _____ in late adulthood.

What type of personality theories are based on the notion that people can be described in terms of the basic ways they behave?

What are the Big Five factors of personality?

Maria is a family therapist. She encourages her clients to recognize and respect other's points of view and be open to different ideas. Maria is fostering a sense of

According to Marcia, the existence of an individual's crisis or commitment in the process of developing a self determines their

All of the following are possible reasons why older adults don't have lower self-esteem than young or middle-aged adults EXCEPT

Letti allows her young son to try many different activities-sports, chess, music, and so on. She wants him to discover his natural abilities and interests in order to

As articulated by James Marcia, an adolescent who is in one of his four stages of identity development but has not yet experienced a crisis could be experiencing

In the individual variations view of middle adulthood development, it is important to recognize that

Judy reminisces about when her children were young. She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times. Seeing her children as parents helps Judy realize that she was and is a good mother. This is an example of

Emily tried several different majors at school for a long time. Now, at graduation, she feels strongly interested in business and looks forward to a long career in this area. According to Marcia, Emily is in a state of identity

What can we safely say about the stability and change issue of personality development?

According to Marcia, adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments or show no interest in such matters are in a state of identity

Joann is an older adult who attends a group that shares its past experiences, familiar objects, and photographs with each other. This kind of therapy is known as _____ therapy.

Today, most personality psychologists believe that personality is a product of

According to the cumulative personality model of personality development, as people age they become more adept at

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical Development and Biological Aging

Health

Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Information Processing

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

Gender and Sexuality

Moral Development, Values, and Religion

Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting

Peers and the Sociocultural World

Schools, Achievement, and Work

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were __ in early adulthood, between 40-60 years of age, and _ in late adulthood.