Question 1

Which of the following is often at the heart of scientific thinking in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  a desire to understand causal relations 
B)  a desire to understand the concept of self and self-awareness 
C)  a desire to please teachers in early mathematics and science classes 
D)  questions raised by the practice of mindfulness 
A)  a desire to understand causal relations 
B)  a desire to understand the concept of self and self-awareness 
C)  a desire to please teachers in early mathematics and science classes 
D)  questions raised by the practice of mindfulness A

Question 2

Devon recalls details of his seventh birthday party. What type of memory is he using?

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory 
B)  working memory 
C)  explicit memory 
D)  implicit memory 
A)  semantic memory 
B)  working memory 
C)  explicit memory 
D)  implicit memory C

Question 3

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model argues that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive systems which operate in parallel. They are _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  gist-based implicit; gist-based explicit 
B)  analytical; scientific 
C)  experiential; "verbatim" analytical 
D)  "verbatim" analytical; gist-based intuitional 
A)  gist-based implicit; gist-based explicit 
B)  analytical; scientific 
C)  experiential; "verbatim" analytical 
D)  "verbatim" analytical; gist-based intuitional D

Question 4

Define explicit and implicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory: memory of facts and exp

Question 5

Memory of skills and routines performed without conscious recollection is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit memory. 
B)  implicit memory. 
C)  episodic memory. 
D)  semantic memory. 
A)  explicit memory. 
B)  implicit memory. 
C)  episodic memory. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 6

Compared to younger adults, older adults show _____ activity in the frontal and parietal regions while they are engaging in simple tasks. However, as the attentional demands of the task increase, older adults display _____ functioning in the frontal and parietal lobes that involve cognitive control.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; greater 
B)  greater; less 
C)  the same level of; less 
D)  less; the same level of 
A)  less; greater 
B)  greater; less 
C)  the same level of; less 
D)  less; the same level of

Question 7

When it comes to science learning, what is needed at a minimum for good teaching practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  limiting amount of time spent on science learning 
B)  providing written materials for structure. 
C)  setting goals for achievement 
D)  scaffolding science learning 
A)  limiting amount of time spent on science learning 
B)  providing written materials for structure. 
C)  setting goals for achievement 
D)  scaffolding science learning

Question 8

By age 6, children know that recognition is easier than recall, short lists are easier to remember than long lists, and forgetting is more likely over time. They are developing

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific reasoning. 
B)  expertise. 
C)  metamemory. 
D)  critical thinking. 
A)  scientific reasoning. 
B)  expertise. 
C)  metamemory. 
D)  critical thinking.

Question 9

What is memory?

Accepted Answer

Memory is

Question 10

Executive function

Accepted Answer

A)  involves goal-setting and cognitive flexibility. 
B)  includes executive attention. 
C)  involves cognitive inhibition and delay gratification. 
D)  involves all of these answers. 
A)  involves goal-setting and cognitive flexibility. 
B)  includes executive attention. 
C)  involves cognitive inhibition and delay gratification. 
D)  involves all of these answers.

Question 11

What does "use it or lose it" mean in regard to cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

Possible changes in cognitive activity p

Question 12

Baby Emily and her mother often engage in joint attention. Emily will most likely do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  develop an attention deficit disorder 
B)  have shorter long-term memory than her age peers 
C)  say her first word earlier than her age peers 
D)  develop a narrow vocabulary 
A)  develop an attention deficit disorder 
B)  have shorter long-term memory than her age peers 
C)  say her first word earlier than her age peers 
D)  develop a narrow vocabulary

Question 13

A Police officer visits Laura's preschool class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings balloons. Later, Laura tells her parents about the police officer and the balloons but can't remember any of the discussed safety rules. Laura

Accepted Answer

A)  paid more attention to what was salient. 
B)  paid more attention to what was relevant. 
C)  was habituated to the information. 
D)  was dishabituated to the information. 
A)  paid more attention to what was salient. 
B)  paid more attention to what was relevant. 
C)  was habituated to the information. 
D)  was dishabituated to the information.

Question 14

Individuals' knowledge about memory is called

Accepted Answer

A)  metamemory. 
B)  wisdom. 
C)  memory strategy. 
D)  semantic memory. 
A)  metamemory. 
B)  wisdom. 
C)  memory strategy. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 15

Which of the following older adults has the least successful strategy for improving his cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bob walks 2 miles each morning. 
B)  Earl does crossword puzzles. 
C)  Dwayne listens to easy-listening music for 2 hours every day. 
D)  Sam reads biographies and participates in fitness classes at his local gym. 
A)  Bob walks 2 miles each morning. 
B)  Earl does crossword puzzles. 
C)  Dwayne listens to easy-listening music for 2 hours every day. 
D)  Sam reads biographies and participates in fitness classes at his local gym.

Question 16

"I had my first vacation to Manhattan, New York, in 1949, and stayed at the Casablanca Hotel," says Mabel, who is 77 years old. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic memory. 
B)  implicit memory. 
C)  visuospatial working memory. 
D)  episodic memory. 
A)  semantic memory. 
B)  implicit memory. 
C)  visuospatial working memory. 
D)  episodic memory.

Question 17

Jake is 45 years old and wants to avoid losing his cognitive functioning when he is older. What can he do now to prepare?

Accepted Answer

A)  eat foods low in fat 
B)  do crossword puzzles 
C)  take a multivitamin supplement daily 
D)  avoid mentally challenging tasks as much as possible 
A)  eat foods low in fat 
B)  do crossword puzzles 
C)  take a multivitamin supplement daily 
D)  avoid mentally challenging tasks as much as possible

Question 18

Ninety-year-old Ben enjoys talking about growing up on a corn farm in Illinois. Given his age, Ben's episodic memory is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  more accurate than his procedural memory 
B)  less accurate than his semantic memory 
C)  more accurate than his semantic memory 
D)  equally accurate as his semantic memory 
A)  more accurate than his procedural memory 
B)  less accurate than his semantic memory 
C)  more accurate than his semantic memory 
D)  equally accurate as his semantic memory

Question 19

Research shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  even fetuses before birth show a limited type of memory. 
B)  newborns right after birth show the earliest signs of memory. 
C)  infants do not show any sign of memory until after 2 months of age. 
D)  infants do not show any sign of memory until after 6 months of age. 
A)  even fetuses before birth show a limited type of memory. 
B)  newborns right after birth show the earliest signs of memory. 
C)  infants do not show any sign of memory until after 2 months of age. 
D)  infants do not show any sign of memory until after 6 months of age.

Question 20

According to Langer (2005), _____ is being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  mindfulness 
B)  attention 
C)  thinking 
D)  planfulness 
A)  mindfulness 
B)  attention 
C)  thinking 
D)  planfulness

Which of the following is often at the heart of scientific thinking in children?

Devon recalls details of his seventh birthday party. What type of memory is he using?

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model argues that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive systems which operate in parallel. They are _ and _.

Define explicit and implicit memory.

Memory of skills and routines performed without conscious recollection is known as

Compared to younger adults, older adults show _ activity in the frontal and parietal regions while they are engaging in simple tasks. However, as the attentional demands of the task increase, older adults display _ functioning in the frontal and parietal lobes that involve cognitive control.

When it comes to science learning, what is needed at a minimum for good teaching practice?

By age 6, children know that recognition is easier than recall, short lists are easier to remember than long lists, and forgetting is more likely over time. They are developing

What is memory?

Executive function

What does "use it or lose it" mean in regard to cognitive skills?

Baby Emily and her mother often engage in joint attention. Emily will most likely do which of the following?

A Police officer visits Laura's preschool class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings balloons. Later, Laura tells her parents about the police officer and the balloons but can't remember any of the discussed safety rules. Laura

Individuals' knowledge about memory is called

Which of the following older adults has the least successful strategy for improving his cognitive skills?

"I had my first vacation to Manhattan, New York, in 1949, and stayed at the Casablanca Hotel," says Mabel, who is 77 years old. This is an example of

Jake is 45 years old and wants to avoid losing his cognitive functioning when he is older. What can he do now to prepare?

Ninety-year-old Ben enjoys talking about growing up on a corn farm in Illinois. Given his age, Ben's episodic memory is likely to be

Research shows that

According to Langer (2005), _____ is being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities.

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical Development and Biological Aging

Health

Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

The Self, Identity, and Personality

Gender and Sexuality

Moral Development, Values, and Religion

Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting

Peers and the Sociocultural World

Schools, Achievement, and Work

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Exam 7: Information Processing

Which of the following is often at the heart of scientific thinking in children?

Devon recalls details of his seventh birthday party. What type of memory is he using?

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model argues that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive systems which operate in parallel. They are _____ and _____.

Define explicit and implicit memory.

Memory of skills and routines performed without conscious recollection is known as

When it comes to science learning, what is needed at a minimum for good teaching practice?

By age 6, children know that recognition is easier than recall, short lists are easier to remember than long lists, and forgetting is more likely over time. They are developing

What is memory?

Executive function

What does "use it or lose it" mean in regard to cognitive skills?

Baby Emily and her mother often engage in joint attention. Emily will most likely do which of the following?

A Police officer visits Laura's preschool class to discuss safety rules. To attract the children's attention, the officer brings balloons. Later, Laura tells her parents about the police officer and the balloons but can't remember any of the discussed safety rules. Laura

Individuals' knowledge about memory is called

Which of the following older adults has the least successful strategy for improving his cognitive skills?

"I had my first vacation to Manhattan, New York, in 1949, and stayed at the Casablanca Hotel," says Mabel, who is 77 years old. This is an example of

Jake is 45 years old and wants to avoid losing his cognitive functioning when he is older. What can he do now to prepare?

Ninety-year-old Ben enjoys talking about growing up on a corn farm in Illinois. Given his age, Ben's episodic memory is likely to be

Research shows that

According to Langer (2005), _____ is being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities.

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Physical Development and Biological Aging

Health

Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development

Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development and Attachment

The Self, Identity, and Personality

Gender and Sexuality

Moral Development, Values, and Religion

Families, Lifestyles, and Parenting

Peers and the Sociocultural World

Schools, Achievement, and Work

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

The fuzzy-trace theory dual-process model argues that decision-making is influenced by two cognitive systems which operate in parallel. They are _ and _.