Exam 40: Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

The muscles of your lower leg are arranged in antagonistic pairs so that you:

Fast-twitch muscle fibers ________ than slow-twitch fibers.

Describe how the three types of bone cells work.

Based on this figure, the ________ bends the leg backfor example, when crouching.

In the human skeleton, the ________ is a ball-and-socket joint.

What advantage does the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts impart to vertebrates, even after growth has finished?

In a muscle that is resistant to fatigue, such as a marathon runner's leg muscle, you would expect:

Weightlifters, bodybuilders, and other athletes who require rapid bursts of high-energy muscle output often spend a lot of money on dietary supplements. Some supplements, such as amino acids, are used by the body as building blocks to make more high-protein muscle cells. Other supplements increase energy or provide more endurance during workouts. For example, supplements that contain creatine (often sold as creatine monohydrate or creatine diphosphate)are reputed to provide more energy. Based on this information and your knowledge of muscle physiology, would you expect creatine supplements to provide extra energy? Why?

The part of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the movable bone on one side of a joint is known as the origin. True or False?

Cnidarians have a(n)________ skeleton.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)is one of the major knee joint ligaments in people, and damage to this ligament is fairly common in athletes. An ACL tear is most often a sports-related injury but can also result from accidents, falls, and work-related injuries. Most sports-related ACL tears occur when a person pivots or lands from a jump. Based on this information as well as your knowledge of ligaments, which of the following occurs in an athlete who has a torn ACL?

The vertebrate skeleton is made up of ________, ________, and ________.

The body can control the strength of leg muscle contractions when lifting a heavy object by increasing or decreasing the:

If a doctor tells a patient that his axial bones are weak, which of these bones is/are affected?

What two types of motion do smooth muscles perform?

What is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

An exoskeleton is found in ________; an endoskeleton is found in ________.

After a fall, it feels like you broke your ankle. The doctor, however, says you tore a ligament. This means you tore the:

What are tendons?

Arrange these muscle tissue groupings in order, from most inclusive to least inclusive: sarcomere, motor unit, thick and thin filaments, myofibril, muscle fiber.