Question 1

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA most directly determines the sequence of:

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acids in a fat molecule. 
B) amino acids in a protein molecule. 
C) sugars in a polysaccharide molecule. 
D) bases in a protein molecule. 
A) fatty acids in a fat molecule. 
B) amino acids in a protein molecule. 
C) sugars in a polysaccharide molecule. 
D) bases in a protein molecule.

Question 2

A tRNA molecule brings ________ to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA 
B) an amino acid 
C) a polypeptide 
D) RNA polymerase 
A) mRNA 
B) an amino acid 
C) a polypeptide 
D) RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following contains deoxyribose?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase 
A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase

Question 4

Which of the following occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription only 
B) assembly of amino acids into protein only 
C) replication of genetic material only 
D) both transcription and replication of genetic material 
E) translation only 
A) transcription only 
B) assembly of amino acids into protein only 
C) replication of genetic material only 
D) both transcription and replication of genetic material 
E) translation only

Question 5

A random change in the DNA nucleotide base sequence is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A random change in the DNA nucleotide...

Question 6

Which of the following is made up of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase 
A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase

Question 7

How many consecutive mRNA bases are needed to specify an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 64 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 20 
D) 64

Question 8

Which of the following "reads" codons?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
A) RNA polymerase 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA

Question 9

What is an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A) four consecutive bases in tRNA 
B) three consecutive bases in tRNA 
C) the beginning of a DNA molecule 
D) three consecutive bases in mRNA 
E) three consecutive amino acids in a protein 
A) four consecutive bases in tRNA 
B) three consecutive bases in tRNA 
C) the beginning of a DNA molecule 
D) three consecutive bases in mRNA 
E) three consecutive amino acids in a protein

Question 10

The nitrogenous base uracil pairs with:

Accepted Answer

A) thymine. 
B) adenine. 
C) guanine. 
D) cytosine. 
E) uracil. 
A) thymine. 
B) adenine. 
C) guanine. 
D) cytosine. 
E) uracil.

Question 11

For a eukaryotic chromosome, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA chains of different genes can be transcribed from either DNA strand, but the growing RNA strand always starts at the 5' end and moves toward the 3' end. 
B) RNA chains of different genes can be transcribed from either DNA strand, but the growing RNA strand always starts at the 3' end and moves toward the 5' end. 
C) RNA chains of all genes are synthesized from the same DNA strand, with the growing RNA strand always starting at the 5' end and moving toward the 3' end. 
D) RNA chains of all genes are synthesized from the same DNA strand, with the growing RNA strand always starting at the 3' end and moving toward the 5' end. 
A) RNA chains of different genes can be transcribed from either DNA strand, but the growing RNA strand always starts at the 5' end and moves toward the 3' end. 
B) RNA chains of different genes can be transcribed from either DNA strand, but the growing RNA strand always starts at the 3' end and moves toward the 5' end. 
C) RNA chains of all genes are synthesized from the same DNA strand, with the growing RNA strand always starting at the 5' end and moving toward the 3' end. 
D) RNA chains of all genes are synthesized from the same DNA strand, with the growing RNA strand always starting at the 3' end and moving toward the 5' end.

Question 12

A mutation that results in a change in the codon reading pattern could result from:

Accepted Answer

A) a base insertion only. 
B) a base deletion only. 
C) a base substitution only. 
D) either an insertion or a deletion of a base. 
A) a base insertion only. 
B) a base deletion only. 
C) a base substitution only. 
D) either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Question 13

The site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm is the ribosome. True or False?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following has anticodons?

Accepted Answer

A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase 
A) ribosomal RNA 
B) DNA 
C) messenger RNA 
D) transfer RNA 
E) RNA polymerase

Question 15

Ribosomes are a collection of:

Accepted Answer

A) small proteins that function in translation. 
B) proteins and small RNAs that function in translation. 
C) proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription. 
D) proteins and mRNAs that function in translation. 
E) mRNAs and tRNAs that function in translation. 
A) small proteins that function in translation. 
B) proteins and small RNAs that function in translation. 
C) proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription. 
D) proteins and mRNAs that function in translation. 
E) mRNAs and tRNAs that function in translation.

Question 16

The strand of the DNA molecule that is used to transcribe from is called the ________ strand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The strand of the DNA molecule that...

Question 17

The "one-gene, one-enzyme" hypothesis concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A) each allele codes for a single type of protein. 
B) specific enzymes give rise to specific genes. 
C) only certain genes function in cells. 
D) enzymes regulate gene activity. 
E) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein. 
A) each allele codes for a single type of protein. 
B) specific enzymes give rise to specific genes. 
C) only certain genes function in cells. 
D) enzymes regulate gene activity. 
E) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein.

Question 18

What kind of mutation occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) insertion 
B) deletion 
C) substitution 
D) neutral 
A) insertion 
B) deletion 
C) substitution 
D) neutral

Question 19

In a wild-type strain of fruit flies, the length of a gene from the start to the stop codon is 2,000 DNA bases. Suppose an experiment indicated that the mRNA molecule transcribed from this gene is much shorter (only 1,200 bases). What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) A mutation caused the formation of an extra stop codon in the gene. 
B) The mRNA was prematurely degraded. 
C) There are introns in the DNA that were cut out of the mRNA. 
D) The first 800 bases of DNA are always lost as it is transcribed into mRNA. 
A) A mutation caused the formation of an extra stop codon in the gene. 
B) The mRNA was prematurely degraded. 
C) There are introns in the DNA that were cut out of the mRNA. 
D) The first 800 bases of DNA are always lost as it is transcribed into mRNA.

Question 20

Suppose one strand of a "mini-gene" has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The last codon in the mRNA sequence will be:

Accepted Answer

A) UGA. 
B) AGT. 
C) AGU. 
D) TCA. 
A) UGA. 
B) AGT. 
C) AGU. 
D) TCA.

Exam 12: Gene Expression and Regulation

The sequence of nitrogen-containing bases on one strand of DNA most directly determines the sequence of:

A tRNA molecule brings ________ to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Which of the following contains deoxyribose?

Which of the following occurs in the nucleus?

A random change in the DNA nucleotide base sequence is called a ________.

Which of the following is made up of amino acids?

How many consecutive mRNA bases are needed to specify an amino acid?

Which of the following "reads" codons?

What is an anticodon?

The nitrogenous base uracil pairs with:

For a eukaryotic chromosome, which of the following is true?

A mutation that results in a change in the codon reading pattern could result from:

The site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm is the ribosome. True or False?

Which of the following has anticodons?

Ribosomes are a collection of:

The strand of the DNA molecule that is used to transcribe from is called the ________ strand.

The "one-gene, one-enzyme" hypothesis concluded that:

What kind of mutation occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA?

In a wild-type strain of fruit flies, the length of a gene from the start to the stop codon is 2,000 DNA bases. Suppose an experiment indicated that the mRNA molecule transcribed from this gene is much shorter (only 1,200 bases). What is the most likely explanation for this?

Suppose one strand of a "mini-gene" has the base sequence TACCCGGATTCA. The last codon in the mRNA sequence will be:

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

Dna: the Molecule of Heredity

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amidst Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

How Do Ecosystems Work

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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