Question 1

A chi-square table gives the cutoff chi-square for different __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chi-square table gives the cutoff chi-square...

Question 2

In research articles, data transformations are usually mentioned in the:

Accepted Answer

A) discussion section 
B) introduction 
C) reference section 
D) results section 
A) discussion section 
B) introduction 
C) reference section 
D) results section

Question 3

For the following question(s): A researcher asked students to rate their sense of humor as low, medium, or high, and then to answer whether they believed they were or were not generally well liked. The results were published in a research journal. Here is an excerpt:
"A chi-square test for independence was conducted to see if the extent to which participants found themselves to be funny was related to how well-liked they thought they were. Results were significant, χS1U1P12S1S1P0 (2, N = 68)= 8.90, p < .05." Data are presented as observed (and expected)frequencies.  
-Of the students who said that they were not well liked, __________% also said that they had a low sense of humor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following question(s): A researcher asked...

Question 4

In research articles, chi-square tests usually include the frequencies in each category or cell as well as:

Accepted Answer

A) the degrees of freedom and significance level 
B) the number of participants 
C) the sample's chi-square value 
D) all of the above 
A) the degrees of freedom and significance level 
B) the number of participants 
C) the sample's chi-square value 
D) all of the above

Question 5

Overall, more people in this study did not reoffend than did reoffend. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The formula for figuring chi-square is __________. (Answer with a formula in symbols.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formula for figuring chi-square is __________....

Question 7

Prisoners under the standard program represented __________% of the repeat offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prisoners under the standard program represented __________%...

Question 8

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is:

Accepted Answer

A) the number of categories minus one 
B) the number of columns minus one, times the number of rows minus one 
C) the total number of category levels minus one 
D) the number of people minus the number of cells 
A) the number of categories minus one 
B) the number of columns minus one, times the number of rows minus one 
C) the total number of category levels minus one 
D) the number of people minus the number of cells

Question 9

The exact shape of the chi-square distribution depends on the:

Accepted Answer

A) ratio 
B) underlying normality of the distribution 
C) degrees of freedom 
D) cutoff score on the distribution of means 
A) ratio 
B) underlying normality of the distribution 
C) degrees of freedom 
D) cutoff score on the distribution of means

Question 10

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is:

Accepted Answer

A) the square root of [χ2/N (df smaller)] 
B) the square root of [χ2/N (df larger)] 
C) df smaller multiplied by N-1 
D) χ2/ df smaller 
A) the square root of [χ2/N (df smaller)] 
B) the square root of [χ2/N (df larger)] 
C) df smaller multiplied by N-1 
D) χ2/ df smaller

Question 11

The main idea of a chi-square test is that you:

Accepted Answer

A) test the estimated degree of fit (proportion of variance accounted for)of one variable to the other variable 
B) compare the population means to see if they vary from each other more than by chance 
C) compare population variances, to see if they vary from each other more than by chance 
D) test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies 
A) test the estimated degree of fit (proportion of variance accounted for)of one variable to the other variable 
B) compare the population means to see if they vary from each other more than by chance 
C) compare population variances, to see if they vary from each other more than by chance 
D) test how well the pattern of observed frequencies fits some expected pattern of frequencies

Question 12

A mathematical procedure (such as taking the square root)applied to each score in a sample, usually done to make the sample distribution closer to normal, is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A) procedural transliteration 
B) data transformation 
C) data manipulation logarithm 
D) normality inducer 
A) procedural transliteration 
B) data transformation 
C) data manipulation logarithm 
D) normality inducer

Question 13

In addition to inventing the chi-square test, Kari Pearson also invented the method of computing correlation used today and coined the terms(s):

Accepted Answer

A) histogram 
B) skew 
C) spurious correlation 
D) all of the above 
A) histogram 
B) skew 
C) spurious correlation 
D) all of the above

Question 14

What is a potential disadvantage of using a data transformation procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) Transformations may come closer to the true meaning of the underlying measurement 
B) Transformations may not work because there may not be a reasonable transformation that makes the scores normal or have equal variance in all groups 
C) Transformations may distort scores in ways that lose the original meaning 
D) Both B and C 
A) Transformations may come closer to the true meaning of the underlying measurement 
B) Transformations may not work because there may not be a reasonable transformation that makes the scores normal or have equal variance in all groups 
C) Transformations may distort scores in ways that lose the original meaning 
D) Both B and C

Question 15

If one were to carry out a square-root transformation on the following data (16, 64, 1089, 484), the resulting dataset will comprise which group of numbers?

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 4, 8, 33 
B) 1, 1, 1, 1 
C) 4, 8, 33, 22 
D) 4, 8, 22, 33 
A) 2, 4, 8, 33 
B) 1, 1, 1, 1 
C) 4, 8, 33, 22 
D) 4, 8, 22, 33

Question 16

One finding of this study was that:

Accepted Answer

A) being poor caused people to be Catholic 
B) poor people tended to be Protestant, Catholic, or other, while middle-class people were most likely to be Protestant 
C) poor people valued religion more than middle-class people 
D) being Catholic caused people to be poor 
A) being poor caused people to be Catholic 
B) poor people tended to be Protestant, Catholic, or other, while middle-class people were most likely to be Protestant 
C) poor people valued religion more than middle-class people 
D) being Catholic caused people to be poor

Question 17

A widely used procedure when the sample scores do not appear to come from a normal population is to:

Accepted Answer

A) duplicate scores that will make the sample more normal 
B) sample only members of the population who will make the samples normal 
C) transform the scores 
D) normalize the scores by deleting the individuals that make the distribution non-normal 
A) duplicate scores that will make the sample more normal 
B) sample only members of the population who will make the samples normal 
C) transform the scores 
D) normalize the scores by deleting the individuals that make the distribution non-normal

Question 18

Rank-order methods are very familiar to readers of research articles in the behavioral sciences, and rank-order methods are the preferred analytical approach for most complex situations. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

All of the following are true about the phi coefficient EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) it is very closely related to the correlation coefficient 
B) it is the same as the correlation coefficient squared (r2) 
C) it is the Greek letter "φ" 
D) it is equal to the square root of χ2/N 
A) it is very closely related to the correlation coefficient 
B) it is the same as the correlation coefficient squared (r2) 
C) it is the Greek letter "φ" 
D) it is equal to the square root of χ2/N

Question 20

A results section noted, "Comparisons of desire to swim and parental expectations were made using Wilcoxon rank-sum test." What type of test was used?

Accepted Answer

A) rank-order test 
B) analysis of variance 
C) parametric test 
D) t test for independent means 
A) rank-order test 
B) analysis of variance 
C) parametric test 
D) t test for independent means

A chi-square table gives the cutoff chi-square for different __________.

In research articles, data transformations are usually mentioned in the:

In research articles, chi-square tests usually include the frequencies in each category or cell as well as:

Overall, more people in this study did not reoffend than did reoffend. (True or False)

The formula for figuring chi-square is __________. (Answer with a formula in symbols.)

Prisoners under the standard program represented __________% of the repeat offenders.

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is:

The exact shape of the chi-square distribution depends on the:

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is:

The main idea of a chi-square test is that you:

A mathematical procedure (such as taking the square root)applied to each score in a sample, usually done to make the sample distribution closer to normal, is known as a:

In addition to inventing the chi-square test, Kari Pearson also invented the method of computing correlation used today and coined the terms(s):

What is a potential disadvantage of using a data transformation procedure?

If one were to carry out a square-root transformation on the following data (16, 64, 1089, 484), the resulting dataset will comprise which group of numbers?

One finding of this study was that:

A widely used procedure when the sample scores do not appear to come from a normal population is to:

Rank-order methods are very familiar to readers of research articles in the behavioral sciences, and rank-order methods are the preferred analytical approach for most complex situations. (True or False)

All of the following are true about the phi coefficient EXCEPT:

A results section noted, "Comparisons of desire to swim and parental expectations were made using Wilcoxon rank-sum test." What type of test was used?

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

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Exam 11: Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

A chi-square table gives the cutoff chi-square for different __________.

In research articles, data transformations are usually mentioned in the:

In research articles, chi-square tests usually include the frequencies in each category or cell as well as:

Overall, more people in this study did not reoffend than did reoffend. (True or False)

The formula for figuring chi-square is __________. (Answer with a formula in symbols.)

Prisoners under the standard program represented __________% of the repeat offenders.

The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for independence is:

The exact shape of the chi-square distribution depends on the:

The formula for Cramer's phi statistic is:

The main idea of a chi-square test is that you:

A mathematical procedure (such as taking the square root)applied to each score in a sample, usually done to make the sample distribution closer to normal, is known as a:

In addition to inventing the chi-square test, Kari Pearson also invented the method of computing correlation used today and coined the terms(s):

What is a potential disadvantage of using a data transformation procedure?

If one were to carry out a square-root transformation on the following data (16, 64, 1089, 484), the resulting dataset will comprise which group of numbers?

One finding of this study was that:

A widely used procedure when the sample scores do not appear to come from a normal population is to:

Rank-order methods are very familiar to readers of research articles in the behavioral sciences, and rank-order methods are the preferred analytical approach for most complex situations. (True or False)

All of the following are true about the phi coefficient EXCEPT:

A results section noted, "Comparisons of desire to swim and parental expectations were made using Wilcoxon rank-sum test." What type of test was used?

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters