Question 1

In which situation below would you use a t test for dependent means?

Accepted Answer

A) To compare the level of honesty (based on an honesty scale)in politicians to the level of honesty in students. 
B) To compare the level of reading comprehension of students at the beginning of a speed-reading class to their level of reading comprehension at the end of the class. 
C) To find the correlation between liking for coffee and tendency to be a "night person" among a group of students. 
D) To compare the scores on a tolerance-of-diversity measure between two sororities. 
A) To compare the level of honesty (based on an honesty scale)in politicians to the level of honesty in students. 
B) To compare the level of reading comprehension of students at the beginning of a speed-reading class to their level of reading comprehension at the end of the class. 
C) To find the correlation between liking for coffee and tendency to be a "night person" among a group of students. 
D) To compare the scores on a tolerance-of-diversity measure between two sororities.

Question 2

A researcher administered a scale measuring concern for farm workers (high scores mean high concern)to seven students before and after they attended a film about union organization of farm workers. Results are shown below.
Scores on the Concern Measure, Before and After Film
   Do these results support the hypothesis that the film affected concern for the lives of farm workers? (Use the .05 level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing
b. Figure the effect size and find the approximate power of this study.

Accepted Answer

Step 1 (some version of the following is

Question 3

If you know the sample's variance but not the population's variance:

Accepted Answer

A) you can look up the population's variance on a table 
B) you can do a t test anyway, because variance is unrelated to the process 
C) you should avoid making inferences based on your data 
D) you can estimate the population's variance from the scores in the sample 
A) you can look up the population's variance on a table 
B) you can do a t test anyway, because variance is unrelated to the process 
C) you should avoid making inferences based on your data 
D) you can estimate the population's variance from the scores in the sample

Question 4

Which of the following poses a serious problem when using a t test for dependent means, one-tailed?

Accepted Answer

A) The population of difference scores is even moderately different from normal. 
B) The sample has less than 40 participants. 
C) There is a ceiling effect in the test, which is likely to make the population of difference scores highly skewed. 
D) Pretest and posttest scores are highly correlated with each other. 
A) The population of difference scores is even moderately different from normal. 
B) The sample has less than 40 participants. 
C) There is a ceiling effect in the test, which is likely to make the population of difference scores highly skewed. 
D) Pretest and posttest scores are highly correlated with each other.

Question 5

In the formula (M-Population M)/SM, SM is the __________.

Accepted Answer

standard deviation of the dist

Question 6

The __________ is a hypothesis-testing procedure used when a sample mean is being compared to a known population mean and the population variance is unknown.

Accepted Answer

A) ANOVA 
B) t test for a single sample 
C) t test for multiple samples 
D) Z test 
A) ANOVA 
B) t test for a single sample 
C) t test for multiple samples 
D) Z test

Question 7

Research articles usually describe t tests in a standard format that includes __________ , __________ , and __________.

Accepted Answer

df, the t

Question 8

Why do studies using difference scores tend to have larger effect sizes than studies using other research designs?

Accepted Answer

A) There is a long-standing procedural bias in psychology to set up studies involving dependent means in such a way as to artificially favor large effect sizes. 
B) The standard deviation of difference scores is usually low. 
C) Because participants provide their own baseline, variance becomes a wildcard, causing the effect size to increase. 
D) Because studies with dependent means usually use a large number of participants, larger effect sizes are easily detected. 
A) There is a long-standing procedural bias in psychology to set up studies involving dependent means in such a way as to artificially favor large effect sizes. 
B) The standard deviation of difference scores is usually low. 
C) Because participants provide their own baseline, variance becomes a wildcard, causing the effect size to increase. 
D) Because studies with dependent means usually use a large number of participants, larger effect sizes are easily detected.

Question 9

Why do repeated-measures designs have so much power?

Accepted Answer

The reason is that the standard deviatio

Question 10

For a research study that utilized a t test for dependent means, an effect size of -.98 would be considered:

Accepted Answer

A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) very large 
A) small 
B) medium 
C) large 
D) very large

Question 11

What is considered a medium effect size for a t test for dependent means?

Accepted Answer

A)  .20 
B)  .30 
C)  .50 
D)  .80 
A)  .20 
B)  .30 
C)  .50 
D)  .80

Question 12

When utilizing t tests, __________ would be considered an adequate amount of power.

Accepted Answer

A) 40% 
B) 50% 
C) 65% 
D) 80% 
A) 40% 
B) 50% 
C) 65% 
D) 80%

Question 13

Another name for difference scores is:

Accepted Answer

A) change scores 
B) dependent scores 
C) scores 
D) deleted scores 
A) change scores 
B) dependent scores 
C) scores 
D) deleted scores

Question 14

The estimated population variance is:

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N 
B) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N - 1 
C) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N - standard deviation 
D) the sum of squared deviation scores minus 1 
A) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N 
B) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N - 1 
C) the sum of squared deviation scores divided by N - standard deviation 
D) the sum of squared deviation scores minus 1

Question 15

The difference between a person's score on one testing and the same person's score on another testing:

Accepted Answer

A) test score 
B) deleted score 
C) distance score 
D) difference score 
A) test score 
B) deleted score 
C) distance score 
D) difference score

In which situation below would you use a t test for dependent means?

If you know the sample's variance but not the population's variance:

Which of the following poses a serious problem when using a t test for dependent means, one-tailed?

In the formula (M-Population M)/SM, SM is the __________.

The __________ is a hypothesis-testing procedure used when a sample mean is being compared to a known population mean and the population variance is unknown.

Research articles usually describe t tests in a standard format that includes , , and __.

Why do studies using difference scores tend to have larger effect sizes than studies using other research designs?

Why do repeated-measures designs have so much power?

For a research study that utilized a t test for dependent means, an effect size of -.98 would be considered:

What is considered a medium effect size for a t test for dependent means?

When utilizing t tests, __________ would be considered an adequate amount of power.

Another name for difference scores is:

The estimated population variance is:

The difference between a person's score on one testing and the same person's score on another testing:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters

Exam 8: Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

In which situation below would you use a t test for dependent means?

If you know the sample's variance but not the population's variance:

Which of the following poses a serious problem when using a t test for dependent means, one-tailed?

In the formula (M-Population M)/SM, SM is the __________.

The __________ is a hypothesis-testing procedure used when a sample mean is being compared to a known population mean and the population variance is unknown.

Research articles usually describe t tests in a standard format that includes __________ , __________ , and __________.

Why do studies using difference scores tend to have larger effect sizes than studies using other research designs?

Why do repeated-measures designs have so much power?

For a research study that utilized a t test for dependent means, an effect size of -.98 would be considered:

What is considered a medium effect size for a t test for dependent means?

When utilizing t tests, __________ would be considered an adequate amount of power.

Another name for difference scores is:

The estimated population variance is:

The difference between a person's score on one testing and the same person's score on another testing:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters

Research articles usually describe t tests in a standard format that includes , , and __.