Exam 1: Introduction: Learning to Change

Experience refers to ________.

Some people reject evolution because some organs are too complex to have appeared abruptly by chance. What is wrong with this argument?

The evolution of most species is now complete.

Learning is a change in behavior due to ________.

The figure below most likely illustrates _______.

Reflexes are generally less variable than modal action patterns.

The phrase "survival of the fittest" is often interpreted to mean that natural selection is the result of a kind of combat. What would be a more accurate interpretation of the phrase?

Most mutations _______.

It is sometimes difficult to say whether an event is behavior or physiology.

Natural selection is often _______.

Learning is evolved _________.

A stimulus is an environmental event that is capable of affecting _______.

Why is natural selection helpful to species, but not to individuals?

Repeated exposure to a stimulus that evokes a reflex response results in ________.

Learning is a biological mechanism.

_______, like natural selection, is a biological mechanism for adapting to change.

Zing Yang Kuo found that 86% of kittens that saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves. He found that _____ of kittens that never saw their mothers kill rats later killed rats themselves.

Darwin believed that there were no human instincts.

The chief limitation of natural selection as a means of adapting to change is that ___________.

Natural selection helps the species adapt to change, not the individual.