Exam 10: Observational Learning

If an observer looks on as a model's behavior is reinforced, we speak of _______.

In _______, an observer looks on as a model's behavior is punished.

When researchers arrange for an event to occur in the absence of a model, this is called the _______ condition.

The book, The Last Gentleman Adventurer, includes an anecdote that illustrates cross-species observational learning.

Kanfer and Marston found that college students imitated the reinforced word choices of models, even though the observers did not see the models.

Although the consequences of a model's behavior have a strong influence on an observer's tendency to imitate the model's behavior, ultimately the consequences of the observer's behavior tend to win out.

The learning history of observers has a powerful influence on what they learn from models. This is illustrated by the fact that chimpanzees that have had __________ training get more from observing a model than those that have not.

Ellen Levy and her colleagues found that children would imitate a model's reinforced preferences for _______.

Carl Warden was one of the first researchers to demonstrate observational learning in animals.

The first studies of observational learning ______.

The Herbert and Harsh study found that cats that had observed a model perform 30 times did no better than those that had observed a model perform 15 times.

Learning is a change in behavior due to experience. In observational learning, the experience consists of _______.

A panel of experts reviewed studies on the influence of violence depicted on television and in films on the aggressive behavior of children. They found that the evidence for a causal connection between Viewing such violence and aggressive behavior was _______.

Fisher and Harris found that observers learned more when a model _______.

Some researchers believe that the tendency of humans to imitate irrelevant modeled acts is beneficial.

You hear on the radio that Smash, the most popular rock music performer in Germany, has killed himself. He left a note ("Goodbye, cruel world"). You predict that _______.

Videotapes of flossing monkeys suggest that mother monkeys attempt to teach their infants how to floss through modeling. Completion

Social observational learning may be defined as _________.

Research suggests that some students who do not naturally learn from a model can be taught the skills necessary to do so.

Efforts to influence people through modeling via mass media are called _______.