Exam 5: Reinforcement

All of the following are recognized kinds of reinforcers except ______.

The Watson and Rayner experiment with Little Albert may have involved operant as well as Pavlovian learning because the loud noise ______.

________ demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the brain could be reinforcing.

According to ___________ theory, schoolchildren are eager to go to recess because they have been deprived of the opportunity to exercise.

Negative reinforcement and punishment are synonyms.

Reinforcers such as praise, positive feedback, and smiles are called ______ reinforcers.

Reinforcement is often said to increase the frequency of a behavior, but research suggestss that any feature of a behavior (e.g., intensity, duration, form, etc.) can be strengthened if a reinforcer can be made contingent on that feature.

Charles Catania identified three characteristics that define reinforcement. These include all of the following except _______.

Thorndike emphasized that we learn mainly from _______.

The best title for the figure below is ______.

Alan Neuringer demonstrated that with reinforcement, _____ could learn to behave randomly.

The distinctive characteristic of the Sidman avoidance procedure is that _______.

Money is a good example of a _______ reinforcer.

_____is a neurotransmitter that seems to be important in reinforcement.

A general assumption of behavioral research is that any feature of a behavior may be strengthened by reinforcement, so long as reinforcement can be made contingent on that feature.