Question 1

After birth,neurons reproduce at a rapid rate.When does the brain stop producing new neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) The brain stops producing neurons during adolescence. 
B) The brain stops producing neurons after infancy. 
C) The brain produces neurons throughout the lifespan. 
D) The brain stops producing neurons in early adulthood. 
A) The brain stops producing neurons during adolescence. 
B) The brain stops producing neurons after infancy. 
C) The brain produces neurons throughout the lifespan. 
D) The brain stops producing neurons in early adulthood.

Question 2

Down syndrome is a common disorder.Which of the following circumstances results in Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) Defective,recessive alleles 
B) Defective,dominant alleles 
C) Insufficient number of chromosomes 
D) Extra chromosome 
A) Defective,recessive alleles 
B) Defective,dominant alleles 
C) Insufficient number of chromosomes 
D) Extra chromosome

Question 3

In one animal study of the influence of genes on behavior,offspring of rats with genes for low stress reactivity were reared by unrelated mother rats with genes for high stress reactivity.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a survey study. 
B) a cross-fostering study. 
C) a longitudinal study. 
D) a comparative study. 
A) a survey study. 
B) a cross-fostering study. 
C) a longitudinal study. 
D) a comparative study.

Question 4

When she was pregnant with Joey,Joey's mother had a poor diet because food was in short supply in her war-torn country.The war ended after Joey was born,and his middle-class mother was able to provide him with adequate nutritious food throughout his childhood.Which of the following outcomes is the most likely for Joey?

Accepted Answer

A) Joey may show few,if any,long term negative effects from his prenatal deprivation. 
B) Joey will probably experience serious long-term cognitive deficits. 
C) Joey will probably experience serious long-term emotional deficits,but not cognitive problems. 
D) Joey is at greater risk of serious ongoing health problems than youngsters who have adequate prenatal nutrition. 
A) Joey may show few,if any,long term negative effects from his prenatal deprivation. 
B) Joey will probably experience serious long-term cognitive deficits. 
C) Joey will probably experience serious long-term emotional deficits,but not cognitive problems. 
D) Joey is at greater risk of serious ongoing health problems than youngsters who have adequate prenatal nutrition.

Question 5

A child who is born with a small head,widely spaced eyes,a flattened nasal bridge and is characterized by growth retardation,and cognitive deficits may be suffering from the effects of

Accepted Answer

A) hemophilia. 
B) sickle-cell anemia. 
C) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
D) Down syndrome. 
A) hemophilia. 
B) sickle-cell anemia. 
C) fetal alcohol syndrome. 
D) Down syndrome.

Question 6

There are 46 of these in the nuclei of human cells;they are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) Teratogens 
B) Zygotes 
C) Chromosomes 
D) Genes 
A) Teratogens 
B) Zygotes 
C) Chromosomes 
D) Genes

Question 7

Many inherited disorders result from defective alleles.Which of the following genetic combinations is most likely to result in a disorder such as sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Recessive,defective alleles from both parents 
B) A defective,recessive allele from the mother 
C) A defective,recessive allele from the father 
D) One normal allele and one recessive allele from each parent 
A) Recessive,defective alleles from both parents 
B) A defective,recessive allele from the mother 
C) A defective,recessive allele from the father 
D) One normal allele and one recessive allele from each parent

Question 8

Robert and Nadine both have been laid off.The couple has inadequate access to food or health care.When they realize that Nadine is pregnant,they feel desperate,and they talk to a social worker at a local clinic about their situation.The social worker is able to provide them with referrals to a food outlet,but she is unable to find a prenatal care clinic that provides free services in their neighborhood.Considering the effects of multiple risk factors,what is the most likely potential value of the social worker's efforts?

Accepted Answer

A) Risk factors are reduced,so their unborn child is likely to be better off even with the limited help the social worker provided. 
B) Their unborn child is not likely to be benefited by eliminating only one risk factor. 
C) The unborn child might have been benefited if prenatal care were found,but improving prenatal nutrition does not reduce risks. 
D) The health care and stress factors of the parents will only be important after the child is born. 
A) Risk factors are reduced,so their unborn child is likely to be better off even with the limited help the social worker provided. 
B) Their unborn child is not likely to be benefited by eliminating only one risk factor. 
C) The unborn child might have been benefited if prenatal care were found,but improving prenatal nutrition does not reduce risks. 
D) The health care and stress factors of the parents will only be important after the child is born.

Question 9

Myelinization is the process which involves

Accepted Answer

A) neurons migrating to the temporal lobes. 
B) separating the left and right hemispheres of the cortex. 
C) coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of electrical impulses. 
D) development of the nuclei of the brain. 
A) neurons migrating to the temporal lobes. 
B) separating the left and right hemispheres of the cortex. 
C) coating the axon with a fatty sheath that improves conduction of electrical impulses. 
D) development of the nuclei of the brain.

Question 10

The genes at matching locations on a pair of chromosomes may be identical or slightly different forms of the same gene.If they are different,they are called

Accepted Answer

A) Phenotypes 
B) Alleles 
C) Receptors 
D) Genotypes 
A) Phenotypes 
B) Alleles 
C) Receptors 
D) Genotypes

Question 11

How long can the consequences of prenatal malnutrition affect an individual?

Accepted Answer

A) Until birth 
B) Through infancy 
C) Throughout life 
D) Until nutrition is balanced 
A) Until birth 
B) Through infancy 
C) Throughout life 
D) Until nutrition is balanced

Question 12

Massage therapy for infants has been very successful in promoting weight gain and social interaction,and in decreasing distress in low birth weight infants.Based upon developmental research,what is the best explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants' bodies take in more nutrients when they are touched as they nurse. 
B) Touch is the best developed sense at birth and therefore the most effective avenue for soothing and regulating the newborn. 
C) When the infant is massaged,its attachment to the caregiver is strengthened. 
D) Crying and other distress is reduced because the infant is paying attention to the person giving the massage. 
A) Infants' bodies take in more nutrients when they are touched as they nurse. 
B) Touch is the best developed sense at birth and therefore the most effective avenue for soothing and regulating the newborn. 
C) When the infant is massaged,its attachment to the caregiver is strengthened. 
D) Crying and other distress is reduced because the infant is paying attention to the person giving the massage.

Question 13

Neurons in the brain are fascinating structures with various parts,and some of the parts receive messages from other neurons.What do we call the branchlike projections that receive messages?

Accepted Answer

A) Axons 
B) Neurotransmitters 
C) Synaptic gaps 
D) Dendrites 
A) Axons 
B) Neurotransmitters 
C) Synaptic gaps 
D) Dendrites

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) Any given teratogen usually has the same effect regardless of when in prenatal development exposure occurs. 
B) The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure. 
C) A teratogen will usually have the same effect regardless of how much exposure the fetus has to that teratogen. 
D) Ancient Greeks believed in teratogens,but modern science has been unable to identify any. 
A) Any given teratogen usually has the same effect regardless of when in prenatal development exposure occurs. 
B) The kind of damage done depends on the stage of development during exposure. 
C) A teratogen will usually have the same effect regardless of how much exposure the fetus has to that teratogen. 
D) Ancient Greeks believed in teratogens,but modern science has been unable to identify any.

Question 15

Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus' developing brain?

Accepted Answer

A) Fetal brain development is almost totally dependent upon the fetus' genetic inheritance because it has no environmental experience in the womb. 
B) The development of the lower,primitive areas of the brain depend upon nature but the higher levels depend upon nurture. 
C) Mothers can advance the fetus' intelligence significantly by speaking out loud in foreign languages during pregnancy. 
D) The establishment of some synaptic connections in the fetal brain depends upon environmental input,like sound. 
A) Fetal brain development is almost totally dependent upon the fetus' genetic inheritance because it has no environmental experience in the womb. 
B) The development of the lower,primitive areas of the brain depend upon nature but the higher levels depend upon nurture. 
C) Mothers can advance the fetus' intelligence significantly by speaking out loud in foreign languages during pregnancy. 
D) The establishment of some synaptic connections in the fetal brain depends upon environmental input,like sound.

Question 16

Brown eye-color alleles are dominant over blue eye-color alleles,which are recessive.Jenna has brown eyes.Her husband,Bill,has blue eyes.Jenna and Bill are the biological parents of James,who has blue eyes.Jenna would be described as ____________ of the allele for blue eyes.

Accepted Answer

A) having the phenotype 
B) being a regulator 
C) having the genotype 
D) being a carrier 
A) having the phenotype 
B) being a regulator 
C) having the genotype 
D) being a carrier

Question 17

Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)include

Accepted Answer

A) addiction to alcohol. 
B) blindness and shortened limbs. 
C) flipper arms. 
D) widely spaced eyes and flattened nose. 
A) addiction to alcohol. 
B) blindness and shortened limbs. 
C) flipper arms. 
D) widely spaced eyes and flattened nose.

Question 18

Genes have their effects on the proteins and enzymes produced by the cell.Yet,there appear to be genetic influences on behavior.Take some example of a behavior or a behavioral disorder,and explain how genes operating at a cellular level could have any effect at the behavioral level.

Accepted Answer

Genes have their effects on the proteins

Question 19

Typical prenatal development depends on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The genome to code in the absence of environmental inputs 
B) The genome to code and the environment to provide inputs 
C) Properly timed gene expression without environmental inputs 
D) Environmental inputs and deregulated genetic coding 
A) The genome to code in the absence of environmental inputs 
B) The genome to code and the environment to provide inputs 
C) Properly timed gene expression without environmental inputs 
D) Environmental inputs and deregulated genetic coding

Question 20

Recessive,defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders.It is estimated that most people carry ______________ recessive,defective alleles in their genotypes.

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) three to five 
C) hundreds of 
D) thousands of 
A) zero 
B) three to five 
C) hundreds of 
D) thousands of

After birth,neurons reproduce at a rapid rate.When does the brain stop producing new neurons?

Down syndrome is a common disorder.Which of the following circumstances results in Down syndrome?

In one animal study of the influence of genes on behavior,offspring of rats with genes for low stress reactivity were reared by unrelated mother rats with genes for high stress reactivity.This is an example of

A child who is born with a small head,widely spaced eyes,a flattened nasal bridge and is characterized by growth retardation,and cognitive deficits may be suffering from the effects of

There are 46 of these in the nuclei of human cells;they are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.

Many inherited disorders result from defective alleles.Which of the following genetic combinations is most likely to result in a disorder such as sickle-cell anemia?

Myelinization is the process which involves

The genes at matching locations on a pair of chromosomes may be identical or slightly different forms of the same gene.If they are different,they are called

How long can the consequences of prenatal malnutrition affect an individual?

Massage therapy for infants has been very successful in promoting weight gain and social interaction,and in decreasing distress in low birth weight infants.Based upon developmental research,what is the best explanation for this?

Neurons in the brain are fascinating structures with various parts,and some of the parts receive messages from other neurons.What do we call the branchlike projections that receive messages?

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?

Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus' developing brain?

Brown eye-color alleles are dominant over blue eye-color alleles,which are recessive.Jenna has brown eyes.Her husband,Bill,has blue eyes.Jenna and Bill are the biological parents of James,who has blue eyes.Jenna would be described as ____________ of the allele for blue eyes.

Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)include

Genes have their effects on the proteins and enzymes produced by the cell.Yet,there appear to be genetic influences on behavior.Take some example of a behavior or a behavioral disorder,and explain how genes operating at a cellular level could have any effect at the behavioral level.

Typical prenatal development depends on which of the following?

Recessive,defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders.It is estimated that most people carry ______________ recessive,defective alleles in their genotypes.

Organizing Themes in Development

Cognitive Development in the Early Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Development in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood

Socioemotional and Vocational Development in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

Filters

Exam 2: Genetics, epigenetics, and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development

After birth,neurons reproduce at a rapid rate.When does the brain stop producing new neurons?

Down syndrome is a common disorder.Which of the following circumstances results in Down syndrome?

In one animal study of the influence of genes on behavior,offspring of rats with genes for low stress reactivity were reared by unrelated mother rats with genes for high stress reactivity.This is an example of

A child who is born with a small head,widely spaced eyes,a flattened nasal bridge and is characterized by growth retardation,and cognitive deficits may be suffering from the effects of

There are 46 of these in the nuclei of human cells;they are composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.

Many inherited disorders result from defective alleles.Which of the following genetic combinations is most likely to result in a disorder such as sickle-cell anemia?

Myelinization is the process which involves

The genes at matching locations on a pair of chromosomes may be identical or slightly different forms of the same gene.If they are different,they are called

How long can the consequences of prenatal malnutrition affect an individual?

Massage therapy for infants has been very successful in promoting weight gain and social interaction,and in decreasing distress in low birth weight infants.Based upon developmental research,what is the best explanation for this?

Neurons in the brain are fascinating structures with various parts,and some of the parts receive messages from other neurons.What do we call the branchlike projections that receive messages?

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of teratogens on the developing fetus?

Which of the following is true with respect to the impact of nurture on the fetus' developing brain?

Brown eye-color alleles are dominant over blue eye-color alleles,which are recessive.Jenna has brown eyes.Her husband,Bill,has blue eyes.Jenna and Bill are the biological parents of James,who has blue eyes.Jenna would be described as ____________ of the allele for blue eyes.

Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)include

Genes have their effects on the proteins and enzymes produced by the cell.Yet,there appear to be genetic influences on behavior.Take some example of a behavior or a behavioral disorder,and explain how genes operating at a cellular level could have any effect at the behavioral level.

Typical prenatal development depends on which of the following?

Recessive,defective gene alleles can cause hereditary disorders.It is estimated that most people carry ______________ recessive,defective alleles in their genotypes.

Organizing Themes in Development

Cognitive Development in the Early Years

Emotional and Social Development in the Early Years

The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood

Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence

Physical,cognitive,and Identity Development in Adolescence

The Social World of Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood

Socioemotional and Vocational Development in Young Adulthood

Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development

Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood

Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood

Filters