Exam 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years

A counselor is leading a parents' group when the topic of spanking as a disciplinary technique is raised.Based on research,what is the most accurate statement the counselor can offer?

Surya wants 8-year-old Leila to start her homework.Leila doesn't want to turn off the TV.Surya raises her voice and threatens to take away Leila's TV privileges for a week if she doesn't comply.Surya enters the room and commands Leila to obey.Leila begins to wail,saying that the homework is too hard and that she never understands it anyway.At this point the phone rings.Surya gets absorbed in the call.Thirty minutes later,Leila is still watching TV and another battle ensues.Surya,exhausted from the struggle,takes her to bed.This scenario is an example of which phenomenon?

Surya wants 8-year-old Leila to start her homework.Leila doesn't want to turn off the TV.Surya raises her voice and threatens to take away Leila's TV privileges for a week if she doesn't comply.Surya enters the room and commands Leila to obey.Leila begins to wail,saying that the homework is too hard and that she never understands it anyway.At this point the phone rings.Surya gets absorbed in the call.Thirty minutes later,Leila is still watching TV and another battle ensues.Surya,exhausted from the struggle,takes Leila to bed.Which of the following best illustrates the negative reinforcement cycle that is operating in this example?

Based on Crittendon's view,infants who have avoidant attachment classifications actively avoid or block out perceptions that arouse their feelings because they have experienced which pattern of learning or conditioning?

When parents practice the minimum sufficiency principle,which of the following are parents most likely to do in promoting children's internalization of rules?

Juan is a fearless 4-year-old and one of the most active children in his day care center.He eagerly climbs the playground equipment and seems to have little fear of getting hurt.Juan often wanders away from his mother in stores,preferring to explore the interesting sights rather than waiting patiently by her side.Juan's mother is exasperated with his behavior and fears for his safety.Based on research,what advice could you give her?

Connor's behavior is described as impulsive and sometimes aggressive.He has low self-esteem and often seems to be in a negative mood.Connor exhibits high levels of both externalizing problems and internalizing problems.The parents of children like Connor typically use which style of parenting?

Sasha,a 3-year-old girl,was having difficulty settling down at bedtime.She ran around her house,trying to make her parents catch her before getting into bed.Sasha's behavior awakened her baby sister,asleep in the next room.John,Sasha's father,felt pushed to his limit and he screamed at Sasha to stop and threatened her with a spanking.His loud voice made the young girl cry and run to her bed.What is Sasha most likely to learn from repeated experiences like this one?

Discuss the relationship between child temperament and parent disciplinary style.

The internalization of rules and standards of behavior is most closely associated with the development of

Which cultural group's value orientation and traditional values influence parenting to be permissive and maintain patriarchal as well as matriarchal structures?

At what age does a child seem to exhibit the phase of self-development that includes self-recognition,early self-esteem,and feelings of autonomy?

Surya wants 8-year-old Leila to start her homework.Leila doesn't want to turn off the TV.Surya raises her voice and threatens to take away Leila's TV privileges for a week if she doesn't comply.Surya enters the room and commands Leila to obey.Leila begins to wail,saying that the homework is too hard and that she never understands it anyway.At this point the phone rings.Surya gets absorbed in the call.Thirty minutes later,Leila is still watching TV and another battle ensues.Surya,exhausted from the struggle,takes her to bed.Which behavior is most likely to increase next time?

Two cognitive and emotional advances must emerge (in tandem with objective self-awareness)before young children have the capacity for behavior regulation.One of those advances is emotional response to wrongdoing.What is the other?

Researchers have identified cultural structures and values that are relevant to parenting.For which of the following cultural groups is independence the traditional value orientation?

Babies don't enter the world with a concept of self.Which of the following is an early indication that a young child's self-awareness is emerging?

Create a case study of a family with two children who are showing behavior problems.Outline the steps you would take as a counselor to treat this family while paying particular attention to the developmental needs of the children.

Alex is 22 months of age.He knows that he should not play with his food at the dinner table,but he sometimes plays anyway.His parents can usually redirect his behavior with simple reminders about what he should be doing.What is happening cognitively to help him grow in self-control?

Which of the following is most likely to effect compliance with fearless children?

Sasha,a 3-year-old girl,was having difficulty settling down at bedtime.She ran around her house,trying to make her parents catch her before getting into bed.Sasha's behavior awakened her baby sister,asleep in the next room.John,Sasha's father,felt pushed to his limit and he screamed at Sasha to stop and threatened her with a spanking.His loud voice made the young girl cry and run to her bed.John's actions appear to elicit ____________ in Sasha.