Exam 10: Managing Knowledge and Learning

Argyris and Schön (1978)identified two types of organizational level learning.The process of totally changing one's frame of reference that guides behaviour so that rather than acquiring knowledge,it requires rethinking as to whether the task is beneficial or not,is called ______ learning.

Adapting the notion that learning is what happens when the old and the new clash and create tension,Weick and Westley (1999)identify three areas or metaphors where organizational learning can happen.Which of the following is NOT one of those?

Weick and Westley (1999)identify three metaphors through which organizational learning can be fostered.One of those is ______,which involves testing the space between order and disorder.They happen spontaneously and allow comments and observations that would otherwise be socially unacceptable.

Starbuck's (1983)story of the failed calculator manufacturer 'Facit' is an example of ______.

Chapter 10 of your textbook identifies three elements of competencies in a community of practice.These are a sense of joint enterprise,relationships of mutuality,and a shared repertoire.A person learning from,reinforcing,and adding to the culture of their community of practice is an example of ______.

Nonaka (2001)introduced four basic types of knowledge creation: tacit-tacit;tacit-explicit;explicit-tacit;and explicit-explicit.An example of tacit-tacit knowledge creation would be people having a cigarette outside the workplace and informally sharing stories and information about the organization.Nonaka refers to this process as ______.

Tidd and his colleagues (2001)identified three key determinants of successful collaborative learning.Which of the following is NOT one of those?

A manager attends a really overpriced management seminar on 'how to implement change management' by the latest management gurus 'Clegg,Kornberger and Pitsis'.The manager thinks to himself,'That seminar was great;I learned so much that I'm going to apply it to my work'.This scenario is an example of Fulop and Rifkin's (1999)concept of ______.

Nonaka (2001)and others applied Polanyi's concept of explicit and tacit knowledge but adapted it for management.How does Nonaka conceptualize the concept of tacit knowledge?

Describe and discuss the three key determinants of collaborative learning identified by Tidd and his colleagues (2001).In your answer be sure to provide clear examples of each.

According to Weick and Westley (1999),organizing and learning are antithetical processes,for this reason,they say organizational learning is ______.

In chapter 10 of your textbook,which one of the following is defined as the change in the existing state of knowledge?

Chapter 10 of your textbook identifies three elements of competencies in a community of practice.These are a sense of joint enterprise,relationships of mutuality,and a shared repertoire.The need for a person to understand and share what it is that their community is about,and how they can contribute to their community of practice,is an example of ______.

An example of Nonaka's (2001)tacit-explicit knowledge creation could be the organization codifying and writing up procedural and training manuals in order to train new employees.Nonaka refers to this process as ______.

A manager tries to implement change without involving his employees and it is a big disaster.He thinks,'next time I'm going to involve my employees in the decision!' This scenario is an example of Fulop and Rifkin's (1999)concept of ______.

Doing things more cheaply,quickly,and efficiently through the routinization,standardization,and formalization of what is already known and done is referred to as ______.

Foucault came up with three terms to delve into the core of why examinations are used to assess people.For example,during this examination,you are probably being watched and assessed,not just by the exam administrator but also your teacher - the exam is more akin to discipline than to learning.Foucault claimed this was the ______ mechanism of exams.

Argyris and Schön (1978)identified two types of organizational level learning.The process of optimizing skills and acquiring knowledge to resolve an organizational problem is called ______ learning.

Weick and Westley (1999)identify three metaphors through which organizational learning can be fostered.One of those is ______,which involves changing things by encouraging people to play around with everyday patterns and to change them slightly.It is not a one-person show but rather a team event that relies upon the instant response,feelings,and feedback of others.

What do Levitt and March (1988)refer to as the process where an organization does something well,learns more about what they do until they become such experts that they can no longer see any limitations to their achievements?