Question 1

Which of the following contributed to the terrestrial mass extinctions during the end-Permian extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  global warming caused by CO2 emissions from volcanic activity 
B)  toxic metal poisoning caused by toxic metal emissions from lava flow 
C)  increased UV-B radiation from ozone depletion by Cl, F, and NOx emissions 
D)  acid rain caused by Cl, F, NOx, and SO2 emissions 
E)  all of the above 
A)  global warming caused by CO2 emissions from volcanic activity 
B)  toxic metal poisoning caused by toxic metal emissions from lava flow 
C)  increased UV-B radiation from ozone depletion by Cl, F, and NOx emissions 
D)  acid rain caused by Cl, F, NOx, and SO2 emissions 
E)  all of the above E

Question 2

Which country is incorrectly matched to its respective biogeographic province?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peru-Neotropical region 
B)  Ethiopia-African region 
C)  United States-Nearctic region 
D)  Russia-Palearctic region 
A)  Peru-Neotropical region 
B)  Ethiopia-African region 
C)  United States-Nearctic region 
D)  Russia-Palearctic region B

Question 3

Which of the following factors contribute(s) to species diversity observed at a particular point in time?

Accepted Answer

A)  extinctions 
B)  originations 
C)  initial diversity 
D)  all of the above 
A)  extinctions 
B)  originations 
C)  initial diversity 
D)  all of the above D

Question 4

Which of the following is not true regarding Large Igneous Provinces?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can span millions of cubic kilometers in volume. 
B)  Their eruptions can last for thousands of years. 
C)  They are rare geological events in the history of Earth, occurring only every 20-30 million years. 
D)  They release high concentrations of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
A)  They can span millions of cubic kilometers in volume. 
B)  Their eruptions can last for thousands of years. 
C)  They are rare geological events in the history of Earth, occurring only every 20-30 million years. 
D)  They release high concentrations of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Question 5

What is carbonate rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  rock that forms from the bodies of microscopic organisms that settled to the seafloor 
B)  rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma 
C)  rock that forms from the transformation of other rock types 
D)  rock that forms from the sediments carried to the ocean by rivers 
A)  rock that forms from the bodies of microscopic organisms that settled to the seafloor 
B)  rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma 
C)  rock that forms from the transformation of other rock types 
D)  rock that forms from the sediments carried to the ocean by rivers

Question 6

What have scientists learned about the evolutionary history of microbial species over the past billion years?

Accepted Answer

A)  α has remained slightly higher than Ω. 
B)  Tens of thousands of lineages have gone extinct every million years. 
C)  We can not infer what early microbes were like based on living species alone. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  α has remained slightly higher than Ω. 
B)  Tens of thousands of lineages have gone extinct every million years. 
C)  We can not infer what early microbes were like based on living species alone. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 7

Why are there so many species of beetles?

Accepted Answer

A)  The extinction rate in beetles is higher than the origination rate. 
B)  The origination rate in beetles is higher than the extinction rate. 
C)  Standing diversity relative to other groups is low in beetles. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  The extinction rate in beetles is higher than the origination rate. 
B)  The origination rate in beetles is higher than the extinction rate. 
C)  Standing diversity relative to other groups is low in beetles. 
D)  none of the above

Question 8

Assume that the following figure represents a particular clade of organisms in the geological record. Use the figure to tell the history of diversity of the clade at each stage. Be sure to include the standing diversity and whether it was increasing or decreasing during each stage. Also include the average turnover in originations and extinctions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume that the following figure represents a...

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the three great "evolutionary faunas" described by Sepkoski?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cambrian 
B)  Permian 
C)  Paleozoic 
D)  Modern 
A)  Cambrian 
B)  Permian 
C)  Paleozoic 
D)  Modern

Question 10

Describe two factors that may contribute to the extinction of a species.

Accepted Answer

Two factors that may contribute to the e

Question 11

Based on the figure below, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall, from stages A to D, the origination rate exceeded the extinction rate. 
B)  No single species is represented throughout all stages. 
C)  In stage C, the origination rate exceeded the extinction rate. 
D)  The highest origination rate is seen in stage d 
A)  Overall, from stages A to D, the origination rate exceeded the extinction rate. 
B)  No single species is represented throughout all stages. 
C)  In stage C, the origination rate exceeded the extinction rate. 
D)  The highest origination rate is seen in stage d

Question 12

How have human emissions of greenhouse gases affected Earth's global energy budget?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have caused a net imbalance of 6 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
B)  They have caused a net imbalance of 0.6 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
C)  They have caused a net imbalance of 0.06 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
D)  They have caused a net imbalance of 6 watts/m2 causing global cooling. 
A)  They have caused a net imbalance of 6 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
B)  They have caused a net imbalance of 0.6 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
C)  They have caused a net imbalance of 0.06 watts/m2 causing global warming. 
D)  They have caused a net imbalance of 6 watts/m2 causing global cooling.

Question 13

All of the following pieces of evidence suggest that animals existed prior to the Cambrian explosion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  macroscopic fossils from the Ediacaran period, 570 mya 
B)  microscopic fossils of multicellular organisms 2.1 bya 
C)  biomarkers from sponges 635 mya 
D)  molecular data showing the earliest matazoans appeared 700 mya 
A)  macroscopic fossils from the Ediacaran period, 570 mya 
B)  microscopic fossils of multicellular organisms 2.1 bya 
C)  biomarkers from sponges 635 mya 
D)  molecular data showing the earliest matazoans appeared 700 mya

Question 14

In which of the mass extinctions did the non-avian dinosaurs go extinct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Permian 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Ordovician 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Devonian 
A)  Permian 
B)  Cretaceous 
C)  Ordovician 
D)  Triassic 
E)  Devonian

Question 15

From which biogeographic province do fossils of the closest ancestors of marsupials appear to originate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Palearctic region 
B)  Ethiopian region 
C)  Australian region 
D)  Nearctic region 
A)  Palearctic region 
B)  Ethiopian region 
C)  Australian region 
D)  Nearctic region

Question 16

Please discuss two abiotic factors that may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian.

Accepted Answer

During the Cambrian period, two abiotic

Question 17

Which of the following may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidification of the ocean 
B)  oxygenation of the ocean 
C)  extinction of dinosaurs 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c 
A)  acidification of the ocean 
B)  oxygenation of the ocean 
C)  extinction of dinosaurs 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c

Question 18

Please describe evidence suggesting potential causes of the Permian extinction.

Accepted Answer

The Permian extinction, also known as th

Question 19

Assigning the label of "mass extinction" to an extinction event requires

Accepted Answer

A)  a large number of extinctions. 
B)  a reduced origination rate. 
C)  a significant increase over the background extinction rate. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a large number of extinctions. 
B)  a reduced origination rate. 
C)  a significant increase over the background extinction rate. 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Cichlid species in the Great Lakes of East Africa experienced adaptive radiations over the past few hundred thousand years, resulting in what type(s) of feeding morphologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  crushing mollusks 
B)  scraping algae 
C)  eating the scales off other cichlids 
D)  all of the above 
A)  crushing mollusks 
B)  scraping algae 
C)  eating the scales off other cichlids 
D)  all of the above

Which of the following contributed to the terrestrial mass extinctions during the end-Permian extinction?

Which country is incorrectly matched to its respective biogeographic province?

Which of the following factors contribute(s) to species diversity observed at a particular point in time?

Which of the following is not true regarding Large Igneous Provinces?

What is carbonate rock?

What have scientists learned about the evolutionary history of microbial species over the past billion years?

Why are there so many species of beetles?

Which of the following is not one of the three great "evolutionary faunas" described by Sepkoski?

Describe two factors that may contribute to the extinction of a species.

Based on the figure below, which of the following is true?

How have human emissions of greenhouse gases affected Earth's global energy budget?

All of the following pieces of evidence suggest that animals existed prior to the Cambrian explosion EXCEPT:

In which of the mass extinctions did the non-avian dinosaurs go extinct?

From which biogeographic province do fossils of the closest ancestors of marsupials appear to originate?

Please discuss two abiotic factors that may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian.

Which of the following may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian?

Please describe evidence suggesting potential causes of the Permian extinction.

Assigning the label of "mass extinction" to an extinction event requires

Cichlid species in the Great Lakes of East Africa experienced adaptive radiations over the past few hundred thousand years, resulting in what type(s) of feeding morphologies?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

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Exam 14: Macroevolution: the Long Run

Which of the following contributed to the terrestrial mass extinctions during the end-Permian extinction?

Which country is incorrectly matched to its respective biogeographic province?

Which of the following factors contribute(s) to species diversity observed at a particular point in time?

Which of the following is not true regarding Large Igneous Provinces?

What is carbonate rock?

What have scientists learned about the evolutionary history of microbial species over the past billion years?

Why are there so many species of beetles?

Which of the following is not one of the three great "evolutionary faunas" described by Sepkoski?

Describe two factors that may contribute to the extinction of a species.

Based on the figure below, which of the following is true?

How have human emissions of greenhouse gases affected Earth's global energy budget?

All of the following pieces of evidence suggest that animals existed prior to the Cambrian explosion EXCEPT:

In which of the mass extinctions did the non-avian dinosaurs go extinct?

From which biogeographic province do fossils of the closest ancestors of marsupials appear to originate?

Please discuss two abiotic factors that may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian.

Which of the following may have contributed to the profusion of animal diversity during the Cambrian?

Please describe evidence suggesting potential causes of the Permian extinction.

Assigning the label of "mass extinction" to an extinction event requires

Cichlid species in the Great Lakes of East Africa experienced adaptive radiations over the past few hundred thousand years, resulting in what type(s) of feeding morphologies?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters