Question 1

In wattled jacanas,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a female-biased operational sex ratio. 
B)  males fight over access to females. 
C)  females recycle faster than males because they abandon eggs while males take on paternal care. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c 
A)  there is a female-biased operational sex ratio. 
B)  males fight over access to females. 
C)  females recycle faster than males because they abandon eggs while males take on paternal care. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c E

Question 2

What does the following figure on primate longevity and fertility reveal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans tend to live years after their last live birth. 
B)  Monkeys and apes do not live long after their last live birth. 
C)  Humans go through menopause because they live years after their last live birth. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  Humans tend to live years after their last live birth. 
B)  Monkeys and apes do not live long after their last live birth. 
C)  Humans go through menopause because they live years after their last live birth. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c D

Question 3

Imagine that you collect data from many different species that vary in their rate of extrinsic mortality. Based on predictions from evolutionary theory, draw an expected plot with extrinsic mortality on the x axis and rate of senescence on the y axis.

Accepted Answer

Based on predictions from evolutionary theory, we would expect to see a negative correlation between extrinsic mortality and the rate of senescence. This means that species with higher extrinsic mortality rates would also exhibit a higher rate of senescence, while species with lower extrinsic mortality rates would exhibit a lower rate of senescence.

Therefore, the expected plot would show extrinsic mortality on the x-axis and rate of senescence on the y-axis. The plot would likely show a downward sloping line, indicating the negative correlation between these two variables. This is consistent with the idea that species with higher extrinsic mortality rates would invest more in early reproduction and less in longevity, leading to a faster rate of senescence. Conversely, species with lower extrinsic mortality rates would invest more in longevity, leading to a slower rate of senescence.

Question 4

In laboratory experiments, short-lived nematodes outcompete long-lived nematodes. This provides evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection does not favor long life for long life's sake. 
B)  longevity-extending mutations lower early reproductive fitness. 
C)  natural selection favors longer lived organisms. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  natural selection does not favor long life for long life's sake. 
B)  longevity-extending mutations lower early reproductive fitness. 
C)  natural selection favors longer lived organisms. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 5

The ideal organism would be reproductively mature at birth, have high fecundity, reproduce continually, and live forever. Please explain why such an organism does not exist.

Accepted Answer

The ideal organism described in the ques

Question 6

What did surgical removal of ovaries in brown anolis lizards demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females without ovaries grow faster because they have free resources to invest in growth. 
B)  Control females (with ovaries) used resources to invest in eggs. 
C)  There is a trade-off between growth and reproduction in brown anolis females. 
D)  a and b only 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  Females without ovaries grow faster because they have free resources to invest in growth. 
B)  Control females (with ovaries) used resources to invest in eggs. 
C)  There is a trade-off between growth and reproduction in brown anolis females. 
D)  a and b only 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 7

What evidence suggests that male pipefishes adjust the amount of their investment in offspring depending on the size of the female?

Accepted Answer

Research on pipefishes, which are fish s

Question 8

You are studying sex ratios in Seychelles warblers. A drought results in very low resources. Explain how this is likely to affect the population sex ratio and why it would benefit the female to adjust the sex ratio this way.

Accepted Answer

The drought causing very low resources i

Question 9

How does the mother hypothesis explain menopause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women need to allocate resources toward the demanding needs of offspring and are more able to do so without more children. 
B)  Women who become pregnant at a later age face a threat to reproductive success by potential loss of current offspring. 
C)  Women who become pregnant at a later age face the threat of death during childbirth. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Women need to allocate resources toward the demanding needs of offspring and are more able to do so without more children. 
B)  Women who become pregnant at a later age face a threat to reproductive success by potential loss of current offspring. 
C)  Women who become pregnant at a later age face the threat of death during childbirth. 
D)  all of the above

Question 10

You discover a new gene expressed in the placenta. You find that this gene is responsible for diverting more nutrients to the developing fetus. Based on the conflict hypothesis for imprinting, it is most likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  the father's copy is turned on; the mother's copy is turned off. 
B)  the mother's copy is turned on; the father's copy is turned off. 
C)  both the mother's and the father's copies are turned on. 
D)  both the mother's and the father's copies are turned off. 
A)  the father's copy is turned on; the mother's copy is turned off. 
B)  the mother's copy is turned on; the father's copy is turned off. 
C)  both the mother's and the father's copies are turned on. 
D)  both the mother's and the father's copies are turned off.

Question 11

Tasmanian devils are experiencing a massive population crash due, in part, to the emergence of a contagious cancer called devil facial tumor disease. The disease has significantly altered the age structure of populations, with far fewer older individuals in populations affected by the disease. Prior to the disease, devils typically reproduced seasonally starting in their second year. What effect would this change likely have on reproductive schedules in devil populations?

Accepted Answer

The emergence of devil facial tumor dise

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding senescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals may vary in longevity, but the aging processes are similar. 
B)  There is minimal variance in either longevity or the process of aging among animals. 
C)  The aging process differs dramatically among animal species. 
D)  Aging must be explained by different evolutionary forces among different species. 
A)  Animals may vary in longevity, but the aging processes are similar. 
B)  There is minimal variance in either longevity or the process of aging among animals. 
C)  The aging process differs dramatically among animal species. 
D)  Aging must be explained by different evolutionary forces among different species.

Question 13

In species where there is an unbiased operational sex ratio, you would most likely see

Accepted Answer

A)  both males and females cooperating in the care of young. 
B)  strong sexual selection. 
C)  more females ready to breed compared to males. 
D)  females fulfilling the majority of parental care. 
A)  both males and females cooperating in the care of young. 
B)  strong sexual selection. 
C)  more females ready to breed compared to males. 
D)  females fulfilling the majority of parental care.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are part of the life history of an organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  age at first reproduction 
B)  duration and schedule of reproduction 
C)  number of offspring per reproductive episode 
D)  all of the above 
A)  age at first reproduction 
B)  duration and schedule of reproduction 
C)  number of offspring per reproductive episode 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following support(s) the hypothesis that miscarriages may be favored by natural selection for embryos that are unlikely to survive?

Accepted Answer

A)  In humans, miscarriages can reduce nine months of investment to a month or less for embryos unlikely to survive. 
B)  Many human embryos with abnormal chromosome numbers result in miscarriages in the first trimester. 
C)  Most embryos with normal chromosome numbers continue to term. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  In humans, miscarriages can reduce nine months of investment to a month or less for embryos unlikely to survive. 
B)  Many human embryos with abnormal chromosome numbers result in miscarriages in the first trimester. 
C)  Most embryos with normal chromosome numbers continue to term. 
D)  all of the above

Question 16

Evidence suggests that male pipefishes may be able to adjust investment in offspring depending on the size of the female. How would the probability of remating influence the optimal investment strategy by males?

Accepted Answer

The probability of remating would likely

Question 17

The evolutionary conflict of interest between siblings competing for parental care is

Accepted Answer

A)  parent-offspring conflict. 
B)  parental conflict. 
C)  offspring-offspring conflict. 
D)  sexual conflict. 
A)  parent-offspring conflict. 
B)  parental conflict. 
C)  offspring-offspring conflict. 
D)  sexual conflict.

Question 18

Researchers have demonstrated that the maximum life span of Drosophila melanogaster can be increased dramatically through artificial selection. This clearly demonstrates that genetic variation for increased longevity exists in
D. melanogaster populations. Why have flies likely not evolved longer life spans?

Accepted Answer

The fact that researchers have been able

Question 19

You discover a new imprinted gene in the placenta. The father's copy of the gene is turned on, and the mother's copy is turned off. Describe a process for determining what effect this gene has on the developing fetus.

Accepted Answer

To determine the effect of the imprinted

Question 20

Why might NOT a limited diet increase longevity?

Accepted Answer

A)  An unlimited diet leads to obesity. 
B)  A limited diet may trigger a stress response that repairs damaged cells. 
C)  A limited diet increases the reproductive capacity of an individual. 
D)  An unlimited diet leads to diabetes. 
A)  An unlimited diet leads to obesity. 
B)  A limited diet may trigger a stress response that repairs damaged cells. 
C)  A limited diet increases the reproductive capacity of an individual. 
D)  An unlimited diet leads to diabetes.

In wattled jacanas,

What does the following figure on primate longevity and fertility reveal?

Imagine that you collect data from many different species that vary in their rate of extrinsic mortality. Based on predictions from evolutionary theory, draw an expected plot with extrinsic mortality on the x axis and rate of senescence on the y axis.

In laboratory experiments, short-lived nematodes outcompete long-lived nematodes. This provides evidence that

The ideal organism would be reproductively mature at birth, have high fecundity, reproduce continually, and live forever. Please explain why such an organism does not exist.

What did surgical removal of ovaries in brown anolis lizards demonstrate?

What evidence suggests that male pipefishes adjust the amount of their investment in offspring depending on the size of the female?

You are studying sex ratios in Seychelles warblers. A drought results in very low resources. Explain how this is likely to affect the population sex ratio and why it would benefit the female to adjust the sex ratio this way.

How does the mother hypothesis explain menopause?

You discover a new gene expressed in the placenta. You find that this gene is responsible for diverting more nutrients to the developing fetus. Based on the conflict hypothesis for imprinting, it is most likely that

Which of the following is true regarding senescence?

In species where there is an unbiased operational sex ratio, you would most likely see

Which of the following is/are part of the life history of an organism?

Which of the following support(s) the hypothesis that miscarriages may be favored by natural selection for embryos that are unlikely to survive?

Evidence suggests that male pipefishes may be able to adjust investment in offspring depending on the size of the female. How would the probability of remating influence the optimal investment strategy by males?

The evolutionary conflict of interest between siblings competing for parental care is

You discover a new imprinted gene in the placenta. The father's copy of the gene is turned on, and the mother's copy is turned off. Describe a process for determining what effect this gene has on the developing fetus.

Why might NOT a limited diet increase longevity?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Exam 12: After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

In wattled jacanas,

What does the following figure on primate longevity and fertility reveal?

Imagine that you collect data from many different species that vary in their rate of extrinsic mortality. Based on predictions from evolutionary theory, draw an expected plot with extrinsic mortality on the x axis and rate of senescence on the y axis.

In laboratory experiments, short-lived nematodes outcompete long-lived nematodes. This provides evidence that

The ideal organism would be reproductively mature at birth, have high fecundity, reproduce continually, and live forever. Please explain why such an organism does not exist.

What did surgical removal of ovaries in brown anolis lizards demonstrate?

What evidence suggests that male pipefishes adjust the amount of their investment in offspring depending on the size of the female?

You are studying sex ratios in Seychelles warblers. A drought results in very low resources. Explain how this is likely to affect the population sex ratio and why it would benefit the female to adjust the sex ratio this way.

How does the mother hypothesis explain menopause?

You discover a new gene expressed in the placenta. You find that this gene is responsible for diverting more nutrients to the developing fetus. Based on the conflict hypothesis for imprinting, it is most likely that

Which of the following is true regarding senescence?

In species where there is an unbiased operational sex ratio, you would most likely see

Which of the following is/are part of the life history of an organism?

Which of the following support(s) the hypothesis that miscarriages may be favored by natural selection for embryos that are unlikely to survive?

Evidence suggests that male pipefishes may be able to adjust investment in offspring depending on the size of the female. How would the probability of remating influence the optimal investment strategy by males?

The evolutionary conflict of interest between siblings competing for parental care is

You discover a new imprinted gene in the placenta. The father's copy of the gene is turned on, and the mother's copy is turned off. Describe a process for determining what effect this gene has on the developing fetus.

Why might NOT a limited diet increase longevity?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters