Question 1

Why did Melander suggest that farmers apply pesticides "poorly" to deal with the San Jose scale insect?

Accepted Answer

A)  because some susceptible scales would survive, keeping susceptible genes in the scale population 
B)  because most scale insects do not respond to pesticides 
C)  because this would kill a smaller population of resistant scales 
D)  because few resistant scales would survive, keeping resistant genes out of the scale population 
E)  He did not suggest this. In order for pesticides to work, they must be applied heavily and properly. 
A)  because some susceptible scales would survive, keeping susceptible genes in the scale population 
B)  because most scale insects do not respond to pesticides 
C)  because this would kill a smaller population of resistant scales 
D)  because few resistant scales would survive, keeping resistant genes out of the scale population 
E)  He did not suggest this. In order for pesticides to work, they must be applied heavily and properly. A

Question 2

Analysis of allelic diversity in maize demonstrated that by 4400 years ago, maize had lost much of its genetic diversity. This loss of diversity can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetic bottleneck. 
B)  strong artificial selection. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  a genetic bottleneck. 
B)  strong artificial selection. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c D

Question 3

In a comparison of winter-white and winter-brown snowshoes,

Accepted Answer

A)  FST in the polymorphic zone is generally very high. 
B)  FST for the region containing the Agouti gene is very high. 
C)  In winter-brown hares, expression of Agouti increased in the fall. 
D)  FST did not identify any genes responsible for coat color. 
A)  FST in the polymorphic zone is generally very high. 
B)  FST for the region containing the Agouti gene is very high. 
C)  In winter-brown hares, expression of Agouti increased in the fall. 
D)  FST did not identify any genes responsible for coat color. B

Question 4

The "refuge" strategy proposed by Tabashnik to slow the evolution of Bt resistance relies on

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that Bt resistance is involved in a trade-off. 
B)  gene flow between refuge and susceptible populations. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above 
A)  the fact that Bt resistance is involved in a trade-off. 
B)  gene flow between refuge and susceptible populations. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above

Question 5

Hopi Hoekstra and colleagues were interested in whether lighter coat coloration arose in Gulf and Atlantic Coast populations through convergent evolution. How did they test this, and what did they find?

Accepted Answer

Hopi Hoekstra and her colleagues tested

Question 6

Which of the following is true of FST, a measure of genetic distance between populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  FST increases faster when subpopulations are small. 
B)  FST is useful to quantify how dramatically populations have diverged in their respective allele frequencies. 
C)  When FST = 0, allele frequencies are approximately the same from place to place. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  FST increases faster when subpopulations are small. 
B)  FST is useful to quantify how dramatically populations have diverged in their respective allele frequencies. 
C)  When FST = 0, allele frequencies are approximately the same from place to place. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

In order to study the effect of natural selection, ideally which of the following would not be acting on the allele frequencies of populations in the wild?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow from other populations 
B)  random fluctuations due to genetic drift 
C)  genetic mutations 
D)  all of the above 
A)  gene flow from other populations 
B)  random fluctuations due to genetic drift 
C)  genetic mutations 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

Compare the selection of coat color in oldfield mice and in the snowshoe hare.

Accepted Answer

The selection of coat color in oldfield

Question 9

The example of the Agouti gene in snowshoe hares shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection can rapidly spread an allele introduced into a species by hybridization. 
B)  the effect of natural selection can change in response to the changing climate. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above 
A)  natural selection can rapidly spread an allele introduced into a species by hybridization. 
B)  the effect of natural selection can change in response to the changing climate. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above

Question 10

Natural selection will act on goldenrod gall size when

Accepted Answer

A)  all goldenrod gallflies are clones. 
B)  the size of galls produced by gallflies is heritable. 
C)  gall size does not affect the viability of the gallfly. 
D)  gall size does not affect the ability of the gallfly to produce offspring. 
A)  all goldenrod gallflies are clones. 
B)  the size of galls produced by gallflies is heritable. 
C)  gall size does not affect the viability of the gallfly. 
D)  gall size does not affect the ability of the gallfly to produce offspring.

Question 11

An extended phenotype

Accepted Answer

A)  is a structure constructed by an organism. 
B)  has no noticeable effect on the organism. 
C)  is not a part of the organism. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c 
A)  is a structure constructed by an organism. 
B)  has no noticeable effect on the organism. 
C)  is not a part of the organism. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c

Question 12

Which of the following incorrectly matches the vegetable with the plant organ artificially selected for in wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea)?

Accepted Answer

A)  kale-leaves 
B)  kohlrabi-stems 
C)  cabbage-flower shoots 
D)  brussels sprouts-buds 
A)  kale-leaves 
B)  kohlrabi-stems 
C)  cabbage-flower shoots 
D)  brussels sprouts-buds

Question 13

After studying medium ground finch families from year to year, the Grants determined that beak size (length and depth) was highly heritable. This is primarily due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment. 
B)  additive alleles. 
C)  epistatic alleles. 
D)  dominant alleles. 
A)  the environment. 
B)  additive alleles. 
C)  epistatic alleles. 
D)  dominant alleles.

Question 14

Each year, the indigenous Zoque people of Mexico introduce barbasco, a compound that is toxic to fish, into the Cueva del Azufre (a cave) to kill and harvest fish during a religious ceremony. These fish also live in caves in which the ceremony is not performed. Design a study to examine whether fish in the Cueva del Azufre have evolved increased resistance to barbasco.

Accepted Answer

To examine whether fish in the Cueva del

Question 15

Goldenrod gall size varies because of

Accepted Answer

A)  fluids secreted by gallfly larvae that change gene expression of cells in the goldenrod plant. 
B)  inherited differences among gallflies. 
C)  inherited differences among goldenrod plants. 
D)  a and b 
E)  all of the above 
A)  fluids secreted by gallfly larvae that change gene expression of cells in the goldenrod plant. 
B)  inherited differences among gallflies. 
C)  inherited differences among goldenrod plants. 
D)  a and b 
E)  all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following does not support the hypothesis that evolution likely occurs over very long timescales?

Accepted Answer

A)  The strength of natural selection from generation to generation is very weak. 
B)  The average beak size of the medium ground finch increased after one generation. 
C)  There are gradual changes in the fossil record. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  The strength of natural selection from generation to generation is very weak. 
B)  The average beak size of the medium ground finch increased after one generation. 
C)  There are gradual changes in the fossil record. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

Evidence of glyphosate as a potent agent of selection on weed populations includes

Accepted Answer

A)  independent mutations of a single amino acid in the EPSPS gene in ryegrass and goosegrass species, enabling plants to survive. 
B)  gene duplication in Palmer amaranth resulting in extra copies of the EPSPS gene so that enough enzyme is produced, enabling plants to survive. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above 
A)  independent mutations of a single amino acid in the EPSPS gene in ryegrass and goosegrass species, enabling plants to survive. 
B)  gene duplication in Palmer amaranth resulting in extra copies of the EPSPS gene so that enough enzyme is produced, enabling plants to survive. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above

Question 18

A quantitative trait locus (QTL)

Accepted Answer

A)  is a stretch of DNA correlated with variation in a phenotypic trait. 
B)  is a gene locus that is solely responsible for a single phenotype. 
C)  is a stretch of DNA that contains genes or is linked to genes that contribute to population differences in a phenotype. 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c 
A)  is a stretch of DNA correlated with variation in a phenotypic trait. 
B)  is a gene locus that is solely responsible for a single phenotype. 
C)  is a stretch of DNA that contains genes or is linked to genes that contribute to population differences in a phenotype. 
D)  a and c 
E)  b and c

Question 19

The difference in beak size between offspring of finches that survived the drought on Daphne Major and the population average before the drought is

Accepted Answer

A)  the response to selection (R). 
B)  the selection differential (S). 
C)  heritability (H2). 
D)  the mutation rate (μ). 
A)  the response to selection (R). 
B)  the selection differential (S). 
C)  heritability (H2). 
D)  the mutation rate (μ).

Question 20

Which of the following does not support Hoekstra's hypothesis for the evolution of coat color in oldfield mice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blending into the background reduced predation rate in both beach and mainland habitats. 
B)  Predation rates of dark clay models in beach habitats were higher relative to white models. 
C)  Predation rates of light models in mainland habitats were higher relative to dark models. 
D)  Camouflage increased predation rate in both beach and mainland habitats. 
A)  Blending into the background reduced predation rate in both beach and mainland habitats. 
B)  Predation rates of dark clay models in beach habitats were higher relative to white models. 
C)  Predation rates of light models in mainland habitats were higher relative to dark models. 
D)  Camouflage increased predation rate in both beach and mainland habitats.

Why did Melander suggest that farmers apply pesticides "poorly" to deal with the San Jose scale insect?

Analysis of allelic diversity in maize demonstrated that by 4400 years ago, maize had lost much of its genetic diversity. This loss of diversity can be explained by

In a comparison of winter-white and winter-brown snowshoes,

The "refuge" strategy proposed by Tabashnik to slow the evolution of Bt resistance relies on

Hopi Hoekstra and colleagues were interested in whether lighter coat coloration arose in Gulf and Atlantic Coast populations through convergent evolution. How did they test this, and what did they find?

Which of the following is true of F^ST, a measure of genetic distance between populations?

In order to study the effect of natural selection, ideally which of the following would not be acting on the allele frequencies of populations in the wild?

Compare the selection of coat color in oldfield mice and in the snowshoe hare.

The example of the Agouti gene in snowshoe hares shows that

Natural selection will act on goldenrod gall size when

An extended phenotype

Which of the following incorrectly matches the vegetable with the plant organ artificially selected for in wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea)?

After studying medium ground finch families from year to year, the Grants determined that beak size (length and depth) was highly heritable. This is primarily due to

Goldenrod gall size varies because of

Which of the following does not support the hypothesis that evolution likely occurs over very long timescales?

Evidence of glyphosate as a potent agent of selection on weed populations includes

A quantitative trait locus (QTL)

The difference in beak size between offspring of finches that survived the drought on Daphne Major and the population average before the drought is

Which of the following does not support Hoekstra's hypothesis for the evolution of coat color in oldfield mice?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Exam 10: Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Why did Melander suggest that farmers apply pesticides "poorly" to deal with the San Jose scale insect?

Analysis of allelic diversity in maize demonstrated that by 4400 years ago, maize had lost much of its genetic diversity. This loss of diversity can be explained by

In a comparison of winter-white and winter-brown snowshoes,

The "refuge" strategy proposed by Tabashnik to slow the evolution of Bt resistance relies on

Hopi Hoekstra and colleagues were interested in whether lighter coat coloration arose in Gulf and Atlantic Coast populations through convergent evolution. How did they test this, and what did they find?

Which of the following is true of FST, a measure of genetic distance between populations?

In order to study the effect of natural selection, ideally which of the following would not be acting on the allele frequencies of populations in the wild?

Compare the selection of coat color in oldfield mice and in the snowshoe hare.

The example of the Agouti gene in snowshoe hares shows that

Natural selection will act on goldenrod gall size when

An extended phenotype

Which of the following incorrectly matches the vegetable with the plant organ artificially selected for in wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea)?

After studying medium ground finch families from year to year, the Grants determined that beak size (length and depth) was highly heritable. This is primarily due to

Goldenrod gall size varies because of

Which of the following does not support the hypothesis that evolution likely occurs over very long timescales?

Evidence of glyphosate as a potent agent of selection on weed populations includes

A quantitative trait locus (QTL)

The difference in beak size between offspring of finches that survived the drought on Daphne Major and the population average before the drought is

Which of the following does not support Hoekstra's hypothesis for the evolution of coat color in oldfield mice?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Which of the following is true of F^ST, a measure of genetic distance between populations?