Question 1

Of the following,which of these is NOT a model of concept formation and categorization?

Accepted Answer

A) psychological essentialism 
B) connectionism 
C) exemplar view 
D) prototype view 
A) psychological essentialism 
B) connectionism 
C) exemplar view 
D) prototype view

Question 2

The typicality effect poses a problem for hierarchical network models.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to grounded cognition,your concept of "chair" would be comprised of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a mental average of chairs 
B) the memory of chairs you have seen 
C) your understanding of the reason the chair was made 
D) mental simulations of the feeling of sitting in a chair 
A) a mental average of chairs 
B) the memory of chairs you have seen 
C) your understanding of the reason the chair was made 
D) mental simulations of the feeling of sitting in a chair

Question 4

Rumelhart and Ortony viewed ______ as the fundamental building blocks of cognition.

Accepted Answer

A) ideas 
B) concepts 
C) schemata 
D) chunks 
A) ideas 
B) concepts 
C) schemata 
D) chunks

Question 5

Of the following,which would NOT be an example of a natural-kind concept?

Accepted Answer

A) gold 
B) tiger 
C) water 
D) game 
A) gold 
B) tiger 
C) water 
D) game

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding schemata?

Accepted Answer

A) A schema refers to something smaller and more specific than a concept. 
B) Schemata are passive rather than active. 
C) A schema contains only fixed parts,never variables. 
D) Schemata can indicate relationships among various pieces of information. 
A) A schema refers to something smaller and more specific than a concept. 
B) Schemata are passive rather than active. 
C) A schema contains only fixed parts,never variables. 
D) Schemata can indicate relationships among various pieces of information.

Question 7

If "sandwich" is a basic-level category,then ______ would be a superordinate level.

Accepted Answer

A) BLT 
B) food 
C) sub 
D) panini 
A) BLT 
B) food 
C) sub 
D) panini

Question 8

According to the ______ view of concepts,people categorize new instances by comparing them to representations of previously stored instances.

Accepted Answer

A) classical 
B) prototype 
C) exemplar 
D) schema 
A) classical 
B) prototype 
C) exemplar 
D) schema

Question 9

Bower,Black,and Turner investigated people's use of scripts and found high agreement about ______.

Accepted Answer

A) characters described 
B) actions mentioned 
C) level of description 
D) all of these 
A) characters described 
B) actions mentioned 
C) level of description 
D) all of these

Question 10

Under the ______ theory,your basis of comparison for categorization decisions need not be something that actually exists.

Accepted Answer

A) exemplar 
B) prototype 
C) schema 
D) knowledge-based 
A) exemplar 
B) prototype 
C) schema 
D) knowledge-based

Question 11

According to the typicality effect,the statement "A dog is a household pet" should be verified faster than ______.

Accepted Answer

A) "A poodle is a household pet" 
B) "A dog is a living thing" 
C) "A ferret is a household pet" 
D) "A dog is an animal" 
A) "A poodle is a household pet" 
B) "A dog is a living thing" 
C) "A ferret is a household pet" 
D) "A dog is an animal"

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the classical view of concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) It proposes that concepts are mentally represented by lists of features. 
B) It assumes that membership in a category is clear-cut. 
C) It accurately predicts the typicality effect. 
D) "Necessary" and "sufficient" features play an important role in the theory. 
A) It proposes that concepts are mentally represented by lists of features. 
B) It assumes that membership in a category is clear-cut. 
C) It accurately predicts the typicality effect. 
D) "Necessary" and "sufficient" features play an important role in the theory.

Question 13

The ______ level of categorization includes category members that are maximally similar,while the ______ level of categorization maximizes the difference between category members.

Accepted Answer

A) basic;superordinate 
B) basic;subordinate 
C) superordinate;subordinate 
D) subordinate;superordinate 
A) basic;superordinate 
B) basic;subordinate 
C) superordinate;subordinate 
D) subordinate;superordinate

Question 14

According to the notion of cognitive economy,a characteristic like "has wings" would be stored along with which of the following semantic memory nodes?

Accepted Answer

A) bird 
B) ostrich 
C) robin 
D) hummingbird 
A) bird 
B) ostrich 
C) robin 
D) hummingbird

Question 15

Which of the following would be a part of your procedural memory system?

Accepted Answer

A) knowing that the Baseball Hall of Fame is in Cooperstown,New York 
B) knowing the lifetime batting average of Ted Williams 
C) knowing how to swing a baseball bat 
D) being able to remember the ball and strike count of the current pitch 
A) knowing that the Baseball Hall of Fame is in Cooperstown,New York 
B) knowing the lifetime batting average of Ted Williams 
C) knowing how to swing a baseball bat 
D) being able to remember the ball and strike count of the current pitch

Question 16

Experiments by Barton and Komatsu (1989)asked participants to consider transformations to different types of items.They found that participants were most sensitive to molecular changes to ______ and functional changes to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) nominal-kind items;natural-kind items 
B) natural-kind items;nominal-kind items 
C) natural-kind items;artifacts 
D) artifacts;natural-kind items 
A) nominal-kind items;natural-kind items 
B) natural-kind items;nominal-kind items 
C) natural-kind items;artifacts 
D) artifacts;natural-kind items

Question 17

Differentiate a concept and a category.

Accepted Answer

A) Categories are real-world classes of things,and concepts are the mental representations of them. 
B) Concepts are real-world classes of things,and categories are the mental representations of them. 
C) Categories only include those things which naturally exist,while concepts can represent anything. 
D) Concepts only include those things which naturally exist,while categories can represent anything. 
A) Categories are real-world classes of things,and concepts are the mental representations of them. 
B) Concepts are real-world classes of things,and categories are the mental representations of them. 
C) Categories only include those things which naturally exist,while concepts can represent anything. 
D) Concepts only include those things which naturally exist,while categories can represent anything.

Question 18

Which of the following factors does NOT encourage a person to store information about particular exemplars,according to Brooks?

Accepted Answer

A) The task requires one to learn information that distinguishes between individual instances. 
B) Instances appear repeatedly during the learning situation. 
C) The relevant dimensions of the stimuli are not obvious. 
D) We know in advance how we will be called upon to use our newly acquired information later. 
A) The task requires one to learn information that distinguishes between individual instances. 
B) Instances appear repeatedly during the learning situation. 
C) The relevant dimensions of the stimuli are not obvious. 
D) We know in advance how we will be called upon to use our newly acquired information later.

Question 19

What does the term "cognitive economy" mean? Give an example of how it might operate in a hierarchical network model.

Accepted Answer

To conserve memory space,properties and

Question 20

Of the following,which relies on representations from our memory in order to make categorization decisions?

Accepted Answer

A) exemplar theory 
B) prototype theory 
C) schema theory 
D) knowledge-based theory 
A) exemplar theory 
B) prototype theory 
C) schema theory 
D) knowledge-based theory

Of the following,which of these is NOT a model of concept formation and categorization?

The typicality effect poses a problem for hierarchical network models.

According to grounded cognition,your concept of "chair" would be comprised of which of the following?

Rumelhart and Ortony viewed ______ as the fundamental building blocks of cognition.

Of the following,which would NOT be an example of a natural-kind concept?

Which of the following is true regarding schemata?

If "sandwich" is a basic-level category,then ______ would be a superordinate level.

According to the ______ view of concepts,people categorize new instances by comparing them to representations of previously stored instances.

Bower,Black,and Turner investigated people's use of scripts and found high agreement about ______.

Under the ______ theory,your basis of comparison for categorization decisions need not be something that actually exists.

According to the typicality effect,the statement "A dog is a household pet" should be verified faster than ______.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the classical view of concepts?

The level of categorization includes category members that are maximally similar,while the level of categorization maximizes the difference between category members.

According to the notion of cognitive economy,a characteristic like "has wings" would be stored along with which of the following semantic memory nodes?

Which of the following would be a part of your procedural memory system?

Experiments by Barton and Komatsu (1989)asked participants to consider transformations to different types of items.They found that participants were most sensitive to molecular changes to and functional changes to .

Differentiate a concept and a category.

Which of the following factors does NOT encourage a person to store information about particular exemplars,according to Brooks?

What does the term "cognitive economy" mean? Give an example of how it might operate in a hierarchical network model.

Of the following,which relies on representations from our memory in order to make categorization decisions?

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Thinking and Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

Exam 8: Knowledge Representation: Storing and Organizing

Of the following,which of these is NOT a model of concept formation and categorization?

The typicality effect poses a problem for hierarchical network models.

According to grounded cognition,your concept of "chair" would be comprised of which of the following?

Rumelhart and Ortony viewed ______ as the fundamental building blocks of cognition.

Of the following,which would NOT be an example of a natural-kind concept?

Which of the following is true regarding schemata?

If "sandwich" is a basic-level category,then ______ would be a superordinate level.

According to the ______ view of concepts,people categorize new instances by comparing them to representations of previously stored instances.

Bower,Black,and Turner investigated people's use of scripts and found high agreement about ______.

Under the ______ theory,your basis of comparison for categorization decisions need not be something that actually exists.

According to the typicality effect,the statement "A dog is a household pet" should be verified faster than ______.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the classical view of concepts?

The ______ level of categorization includes category members that are maximally similar,while the ______ level of categorization maximizes the difference between category members.

According to the notion of cognitive economy,a characteristic like "has wings" would be stored along with which of the following semantic memory nodes?

Which of the following would be a part of your procedural memory system?

Experiments by Barton and Komatsu (1989)asked participants to consider transformations to different types of items.They found that participants were most sensitive to molecular changes to ______ and functional changes to ______.

Differentiate a concept and a category.

Which of the following factors does NOT encourage a person to store information about particular exemplars,according to Brooks?

What does the term "cognitive economy" mean? Give an example of how it might operate in a hierarchical network model.

Of the following,which relies on representations from our memory in order to make categorization decisions?

Cognitive Psychology: History, methods, and Paradigms

The Brain: an Overview of Structure and Function

Perception: Recognizing Patterns and Objects

Attention: Deploying Cognitive Resources

Working Memory: Forming and Using New Memory Traces

Retrieving Memories From Long-Term Storage

The Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Visual Imagery and Spatial Cognition

Language

Thinking and Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Cognitive Development Through Adolescence

Individual Differences in Cognition

Cognition in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Filters

The level of categorization includes category members that are maximally similar,while the level of categorization maximizes the difference between category members.

Experiments by Barton and Komatsu (1989)asked participants to consider transformations to different types of items.They found that participants were most sensitive to molecular changes to and functional changes to .