Question 1

The TSCA differentiates between _______ and _________ chemicals, regulating the latter more stringently than the former.

Accepted Answer

A) solid; liquid 
B) metal based; non metal based 
C) existing ; new 
D) industrial; household 
A) solid; liquid 
B) metal based; non metal based 
C) existing ; new 
D) industrial; household

Question 2

The use of virgin materials can be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A) increase the overall rate of materials use (TM) 
B) increase the rate of reuse (r) 
C) decrease the overall rate of recycled materials use (RM) 
D) all of the above 
A) increase the overall rate of materials use (TM) 
B) increase the rate of reuse (r) 
C) decrease the overall rate of recycled materials use (RM) 
D) all of the above

Question 3

Environmental federalism refers to

Accepted Answer

A) whether environmental regulations should be established at a national level 
B) whether environmental regulation enforcement should be decentralized 
C) the establishment of the EPA in the 1970s 
D) whether all states and municipalities should be subject to the same effluent standards 
A) whether environmental regulations should be established at a national level 
B) whether environmental regulation enforcement should be decentralized 
C) the establishment of the EPA in the 1970s 
D) whether all states and municipalities should be subject to the same effluent standards

Question 4

Recent technological change in chemicals has led to the development of chemicals that involves the production and use of substances using extremely small particles called

Accepted Answer

A) radioactive waste 
B) nanotechnology 
C) ubiquitous 
D) chlorofluorocarbons 
A) radioactive waste 
B) nanotechnology 
C) ubiquitous 
D) chlorofluorocarbons

Question 5

'Takings' problems refer to the use of eminent domain which allows the US government to take property from private citizens for a public purpose while providing just compensation.In contrast, a regulatory taking does not involve a physical taking of the property but may

Accepted Answer

A) reduce the value of the property due to restrictions on its use 
B) transfer ownership temporarily to the EPA 
C) distribute ownership shares to government agencies 
D) eliminate the ability to sell the property 
A) reduce the value of the property due to restrictions on its use 
B) transfer ownership temporarily to the EPA 
C) distribute ownership shares to government agencies 
D) eliminate the ability to sell the property

Question 6

Refer to the figure above.The marginal damages curve slopes upward because

Accepted Answer

A) higher risks are associated with higher marginal damages, such as negative health effects 
B) the cost of controlling damages increases as the risk of exposure increases 
C) total damages increase as the risk of exposure increase 
D) the technology used to control the damages varies along the curve 
A) higher risks are associated with higher marginal damages, such as negative health effects 
B) the cost of controlling damages increases as the risk of exposure increases 
C) total damages increase as the risk of exposure increase 
D) the technology used to control the damages varies along the curve

Question 7

Environmental justice is

Accepted Answer

A) a particular way of examining the distributional effects of pollution and contamination 
B) a program to compensate minorities and the poor for exposure to environmental hazards 
C) part of CERCLA legislation that holds polluters responsible for natural resource damages 
D) a specific bill associated with the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act that allows citizens to sue industrial polluters on behalf of the government 
A) a particular way of examining the distributional effects of pollution and contamination 
B) a program to compensate minorities and the poor for exposure to environmental hazards 
C) part of CERCLA legislation that holds polluters responsible for natural resource damages 
D) a specific bill associated with the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act that allows citizens to sue industrial polluters on behalf of the government

Question 8

In order to implement policies that encourage a socially efficient levels of recycling in firms that use virgin materials, the goal would be to achieve equality across industries and materials in terms of

Accepted Answer

A) marginal recycling costs 
B) marginal tax rates 
C) marginal cost of virgin materials 
D) marginal emissions 
A) marginal recycling costs 
B) marginal tax rates 
C) marginal cost of virgin materials 
D) marginal emissions

Question 9

The US Constitutional does not allow for

Accepted Answer

A) state environmental policy to preempt federal environmental policy 
B) states to develop specific policies where the federal authorities remain silent 
C) decentralized actions to protect the environment 
D) state enforcement of federal environmental policies 
A) state environmental policy to preempt federal environmental policy 
B) states to develop specific policies where the federal authorities remain silent 
C) decentralized actions to protect the environment 
D) state enforcement of federal environmental policies

Question 10

Regulations to control mercury emissions from power plants have been in contention for well over a decade at the _______ level

Accepted Answer

A) federal 
B) state 
C) municipal 
D) international 
A) federal 
B) state 
C) municipal 
D) international

Question 11

A 2005 EPA survey reveals that the majority of hazardous waste is disposed of through

Accepted Answer

A) burning 
B) injection wells 
C) recovery during recycling operations 
D) off site disposal facitlities 
A) burning 
B) injection wells 
C) recovery during recycling operations 
D) off site disposal facitlities

Question 12

Single stream recycling refers to

Accepted Answer

A) water pollution control programs that focus on single bodies of water 
B) recycling of contaminated water with release into a single stream 
C) a system of recycling that returns all recycled material to a single user 
D) a system where recyclable items are collected from consumers in a single container and sorted at the recycling facility 
A) water pollution control programs that focus on single bodies of water 
B) recycling of contaminated water with release into a single stream 
C) a system of recycling that returns all recycled material to a single user 
D) a system where recyclable items are collected from consumers in a single container and sorted at the recycling facility

Question 13

One way to reduce materials intensity in the production of goods is

Accepted Answer

A) a shift away from the consumption of tangible goods, but toward services 
B) reducing the amount of packing in consumer products 
C) increasing online billing and payments 
D) all of the above 
A) a shift away from the consumption of tangible goods, but toward services 
B) reducing the amount of packing in consumer products 
C) increasing online billing and payments 
D) all of the above

Question 14

The policy environment governing hazardous and toxic substances is

Accepted Answer

A) the sole responsibility of the EPA 
B) subject to federal laws, state and local public agency advocacy and public opinion 
C) straightforward with a long and consistent history and precedent 
D) not overseen by the EPA because most toxic substances are not released to the natural environment 
A) the sole responsibility of the EPA 
B) subject to federal laws, state and local public agency advocacy and public opinion 
C) straightforward with a long and consistent history and precedent 
D) not overseen by the EPA because most toxic substances are not released to the natural environment

Question 15

When the precautionary principle is introduced into the regulation of chemicals it

Accepted Answer

A) introduces caution into public decisions where substantial damages may be unknown 
B) re-examines where the burden of proof should lie 
C) scrutinizes serious threats that involve irreversible damage regardless of scientific certainty 
D) all of the above 
A) introduces caution into public decisions where substantial damages may be unknown 
B) re-examines where the burden of proof should lie 
C) scrutinizes serious threats that involve irreversible damage regardless of scientific certainty 
D) all of the above

Question 16

Because states compete to attract businesses, some believe that there will be a 'race to the bottom' resulting in lax state policies regarding environmental regulation.Most empirical evidence to date suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) state policies are indeed more lax than federal policies 
B) the 'race to the bottom' has not taken place 
C) states have not produced their own environmental policies 
D) businesses do not consider state policies when deciding where to locate 
A) state policies are indeed more lax than federal policies 
B) the 'race to the bottom' has not taken place 
C) states have not produced their own environmental policies 
D) businesses do not consider state policies when deciding where to locate

Question 17

With regard to air pollution, states have the responsibility of establishing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) which are

Accepted Answer

A) plans to set state standards for ambient quality 
B) state agencies that have been created to monitor interstate pollution 
C) plans of action toward attaining national ambient standards for air quality 
D) plans to lobby the federal government for more stringent interstate standards 
A) plans to set state standards for ambient quality 
B) state agencies that have been created to monitor interstate pollution 
C) plans of action toward attaining national ambient standards for air quality 
D) plans to lobby the federal government for more stringent interstate standards

Question 18

During the 1950s and the 1960s there was no strong ______ environmental policy.During the 1970s control began with initiation of __________ environmental policy.

Accepted Answer

A) federal; federal 
B) federal; state 
C) state; state 
D) state; federal 
A) federal; federal 
B) federal; state 
C) state; state 
D) state; federal

Question 19

California has been a lead state in the area of policy innovation, exemplified by

Accepted Answer

A) the initial banning of the pesticide DDT 
B) tradable emissions permits to control airborne emissions 
C) principles included in the Strip Mining Reclamation Act 
D) ideas included in the Toxics Release Inventory program 
A) the initial banning of the pesticide DDT 
B) tradable emissions permits to control airborne emissions 
C) principles included in the Strip Mining Reclamation Act 
D) ideas included in the Toxics Release Inventory program

Question 20

Many states have enacted their own Superfund laws to supplement the federal actions included in the

Accepted Answer

A) National Contingency Plan (NCP) 
B) Clean Air Act (CA
A)  
C) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCR
A)  
D) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCL
A)  
A) National Contingency Plan (NCP) 
B) Clean Air Act (CA
A)  
C) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCR
A)  
D) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCL
A)

The TSCA differentiates between _ and ___ chemicals, regulating the latter more stringently than the former.

The use of virgin materials can be reduced by

Environmental federalism refers to

Recent technological change in chemicals has led to the development of chemicals that involves the production and use of substances using extremely small particles called

'Takings' problems refer to the use of eminent domain which allows the US government to take property from private citizens for a public purpose while providing just compensation.In contrast, a regulatory taking does not involve a physical taking of the property but may

Refer to the figure above.The marginal damages curve slopes upward because

Environmental justice is

In order to implement policies that encourage a socially efficient levels of recycling in firms that use virgin materials, the goal would be to achieve equality across industries and materials in terms of

The US Constitutional does not allow for

Regulations to control mercury emissions from power plants have been in contention for well over a decade at the _______ level

A 2005 EPA survey reveals that the majority of hazardous waste is disposed of through

Single stream recycling refers to

One way to reduce materials intensity in the production of goods is

The policy environment governing hazardous and toxic substances is

When the precautionary principle is introduced into the regulation of chemicals it

Because states compete to attract businesses, some believe that there will be a 'race to the bottom' resulting in lax state policies regarding environmental regulation.Most empirical evidence to date suggests that

With regard to air pollution, states have the responsibility of establishing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) which are

During the 1950s and the 1960s there was no strong environmental policy.During the 1970s control began with initiation of ____ environmental policy.

California has been a lead state in the area of policy innovation, exemplified by

Many states have enacted their own Superfund laws to supplement the federal actions included in the

What Is Environmental Economics

The Economy and the Environment

Benefits and Costs, Supply and Demand

Economic Efficiency and Markets

The Economics of Environmental Quality

Framework of Analysis

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Benefits

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Costs

Criteria for Evaluating Environmental Policies

Decentralized Policies: Liability Laws, Property Rights, and Voluntary Action

Command-And-Control Strategies: the Case of Standards

Incentive-Based Strategies: Market Trading Systems

Federal Water Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Air Pollution-Control Policy

The Global Environment

International Environmental Agreements

Globalization

Economic Development and the Environment

Filters

Exam 17: State and Local Environmental Issues

The TSCA differentiates between _______ and _________ chemicals, regulating the latter more stringently than the former.

The use of virgin materials can be reduced by

Environmental federalism refers to

Recent technological change in chemicals has led to the development of chemicals that involves the production and use of substances using extremely small particles called

'Takings' problems refer to the use of eminent domain which allows the US government to take property from private citizens for a public purpose while providing just compensation.In contrast, a regulatory taking does not involve a physical taking of the property but may

Refer to the figure above.The marginal damages curve slopes upward because

Environmental justice is

In order to implement policies that encourage a socially efficient levels of recycling in firms that use virgin materials, the goal would be to achieve equality across industries and materials in terms of

The US Constitutional does not allow for

Regulations to control mercury emissions from power plants have been in contention for well over a decade at the _______ level

A 2005 EPA survey reveals that the majority of hazardous waste is disposed of through

Single stream recycling refers to

One way to reduce materials intensity in the production of goods is

The policy environment governing hazardous and toxic substances is

When the precautionary principle is introduced into the regulation of chemicals it

Because states compete to attract businesses, some believe that there will be a 'race to the bottom' resulting in lax state policies regarding environmental regulation.Most empirical evidence to date suggests that

With regard to air pollution, states have the responsibility of establishing State Implementation Plans (SIPs) which are

During the 1950s and the 1960s there was no strong ______ environmental policy.During the 1970s control began with initiation of __________ environmental policy.

California has been a lead state in the area of policy innovation, exemplified by

Many states have enacted their own Superfund laws to supplement the federal actions included in the

What Is Environmental Economics

The Economy and the Environment

Benefits and Costs, Supply and Demand

Economic Efficiency and Markets

The Economics of Environmental Quality

Framework of Analysis

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Benefits

Benefit-Cost Analysis: Costs

Criteria for Evaluating Environmental Policies

Decentralized Policies: Liability Laws, Property Rights, and Voluntary Action

Command-And-Control Strategies: the Case of Standards

Incentive-Based Strategies: Market Trading Systems

Federal Water Pollution-Control Policy

Federal Air Pollution-Control Policy

The Global Environment

International Environmental Agreements

Globalization

Economic Development and the Environment

Filters

The TSCA differentiates between _ and ___ chemicals, regulating the latter more stringently than the former.

During the 1950s and the 1960s there was no strong environmental policy.During the 1970s control began with initiation of ____ environmental policy.