Question 1

What condition might result from mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cleft palate 
B)  Acephalous 
C)  Congenital heart disease 
D)  Webbed digits 
A)  Cleft palate 
B)  Acephalous 
C)  Congenital heart disease 
D)  Webbed digits C

Question 2

Screening tools that are epigenetically based have shown promise in diagnosing which types of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Colon 
B)  Breast 
C)  Skin 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Prostate 
A)  Colon 
B)  Breast 
C)  Skin 
D)  Bladder 
E)  Prostate A, B, D, E

Question 3

Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells. What characteristic is associated with these genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack encoding histones. 
B)  They are transcriptionally active. 
C)  Ribosomal RNA genes are absent. 
D)  Epigenetic silencing has occurred. 
A)  They lack encoding histones. 
B)  They are transcriptionally active. 
C)  Ribosomal RNA genes are absent. 
D)  Epigenetic silencing has occurred. B

Question 4

Which stage of human development is not associated with the potential for epigenetic changes to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Childhood 
B)  Adolescence 
C)  In utero 
D)  Rapid increases in growth 
A)  Childhood 
B)  Adolescence 
C)  In utero 
D)  Rapid increases in growth

Question 5

What does it mean for an embryonic cell to be totipotent?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has the ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell. 
B)  It is able to repair its own damaged DNA. 
C)  It has the capacity to determine which parental chromosome copy it will imprint. 
D)  It is able to minimize the impact of poor in utero nutrition. 
A)  It has the ability to differentiate into any type of somatic cell. 
B)  It is able to repair its own damaged DNA. 
C)  It has the capacity to determine which parental chromosome copy it will imprint. 
D)  It is able to minimize the impact of poor in utero nutrition.

Question 6

Which of the following is known to impair the ability for neural stem cells to differentiate into functional neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethanol 
B)  Marijuana 
C)  Insufficient nutrients 
D)  Poor oxygenation 
A)  Ethanol 
B)  Marijuana 
C)  Insufficient nutrients 
D)  Poor oxygenation

Question 7

Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Diabetes 
E)  Crohn's disease 
A)  Obesity 
B)  Asthma 
C)  Cardiovascular disease 
D)  Diabetes 
E)  Crohn's disease

Question 8

An individual who has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is at risk of developing which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Asthma 
D)  Food allergies 
A)  Cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Asthma 
D)  Food allergies

Question 9

What characteristic is typical of both Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Obesity 
B)  Seizures 
C)  Bouts of uncontrollable laughter 
D)  Intellectual disability 
A)  Obesity 
B)  Seizures 
C)  Bouts of uncontrollable laughter 
D)  Intellectual disability

Question 10

When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Family genetics 
B)  Lifestyle choices 
C)  Environmental stressors 
D)  Emotional coping skills 
A)  Family genetics 
B)  Lifestyle choices 
C)  Environmental stressors 
D)  Emotional coping skills

Question 11

How does inactive MLH1 contribute to the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  It results in the deletion of a nucleotide repeat in the DUX4 gene. 
B)  DNA damage is left unrepaired. 
C)  There is an expansion in the number of cytosine-guanine (CG) dinucleotide. 
D)  Downregulation of IGF2 occurs. 
A)  It results in the deletion of a nucleotide repeat in the DUX4 gene. 
B)  DNA damage is left unrepaired. 
C)  There is an expansion in the number of cytosine-guanine (CG) dinucleotide. 
D)  Downregulation of IGF2 occurs.

Exam 3: Epigenetics and Disease

What condition might result from mutations in the encoding of histone-modifying proteins?

Screening tools that are epigenetically based have shown promise in diagnosing which types of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the body's cells. What characteristic is associated with these genes?

Which stage of human development is not associated with the potential for epigenetic changes to occur?

What does it mean for an embryonic cell to be totipotent?

Which of the following is known to impair the ability for neural stem cells to differentiate into functional neurons?

Research has provided support for the theory that epigenetic modifications can result from deficient in utero nutrition causing which chronic disease? (Select all that apply.)

An individual who has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is at risk of developing which condition?

What characteristic is typical of both Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?

When considering abnormal epigenetic modifications, what factor is currently being viewed as strongly associated with the development of some cancers?

How does inactive MLH1 contribute to the development of some forms of inherited colon cancer?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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