Question 1

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tunica adventitia 
B)  Connective 
C)  Mesothelium 
D)  Endothelium 
A)  Tunica adventitia 
B)  Connective 
C)  Mesothelium 
D)  Endothelium D

Question 2

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume. Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Peripheral vascular resistance 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction 
E)  Contractility 
A)  Preload 
B)  Peripheral vascular resistance 
C)  Afterload 
D)  Ejection fraction 
E)  Contractility A, C, E

Question 3

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma that allow impulses to move rapidly between myocardial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Myosins 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Troponin Ts 
D)  I bands 
A)  Myosins 
B)  Intercalated disks 
C)  Troponin Ts 
D)  I bands B

Question 4

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate. 
A)  decrease the refractory period. 
B)  increase calcium influx. 
C)  increase the strength of myocardial contraction. 
D)  decrease the heart rate.

Question 5

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle 
A)  Right atrium 
B)  Left atrium 
C)  Left ventricle 
D)  Right ventricle

Question 6

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  Bundle of His 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Atrioventricular node 
A)  Bachmann bundle 
B)  Bundle of His 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Atrioventricular node

Question 7

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole. Which term is the nurse describing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance 
A)  Preload 
B)  Afterload 
C)  Systemic vascular resistance 
D)  Total peripheral resistance

Question 8

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is the cardiologist measuring?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vascular resistance 
B)  Preload 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Ejection fraction 
A)  Vascular resistance 
B)  Preload 
C)  Cardiac output 
D)  Ejection fraction

Question 9

Where does the thoracic lymphatic duct drain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left subclavian artery 
B)  Right atrium 
C)  Right subclavian vein 
D)  Left subclavian vein 
A)  Left subclavian artery 
B)  Right atrium 
C)  Right subclavian vein 
D)  Left subclavian vein

Question 10

What is a function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  It serves to improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  It plays a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  It assists in cardiac contraction. 
A)  It provides a barrier against extracardial infections. 
B)  It serves to improve blood flow through the heart. 
C)  It plays a role in cardiac conduction. 
D)  It assists in cardiac contraction.

Question 11

What vessel(s) carry oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The superior vena cava 
B)  Pulmonary veins 
C)  Pulmonary arteries 
D)  The cardiac veins 
A)  The superior vena cava 
B)  Pulmonary veins 
C)  Pulmonary arteries 
D)  The cardiac veins

Question 12

Why does depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  A rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane occurs. 
C)  A blockade by calcium ions takes place. 
D)  There is a stimuli instigated during the refractory period. 
A)  There is a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to ions. 
B)  A rapid movement of ions across the cell membrane occurs. 
C)  A blockade by calcium ions takes place. 
D)  There is a stimuli instigated during the refractory period.

Question 13

Where are the coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) found?

Accepted Answer

A)  The left ventricle 
B)  The inferior vena cava 
C)  The coronary sinus 
D)  The aorta 
A)  The left ventricle 
B)  The inferior vena cava 
C)  The coronary sinus 
D)  The aorta

Question 14

Within a normal physiological range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased force of contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output. 
C)  an increase in heart rate. 
D)  heart failure. 
A)  an increased force of contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output. 
C)  an increase in heart rate. 
D)  heart failure.

Question 15

Where are baroreceptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  The renal arteries 
B)  The superior vena cava 
C)  The aortic arch 
D)  In the circle of Willis 
A)  The renal arteries 
B)  The superior vena cava 
C)  The aortic arch 
D)  In the circle of Willis

Question 16

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

Accepted Answer

A)  a change in heart rate 
B)  decreased blood pressure 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility 
A)  a change in heart rate 
B)  decreased blood pressure 
C)  increased rate and depth of respirations 
D)  decreased myocardial contractility

Question 17

Where is the primary cardiovascular control centre located?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the cerebral cortex 
B)  The thalamus 
C)  The medulla 
D)  The hypothalamus 
A)  In the cerebral cortex 
B)  The thalamus 
C)  The medulla 
D)  The hypothalamus

Question 18

As stated by Starling's law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure; duration 
B)  volume; force 
C)  viscosity; force 
D)  viscosity; duration 
A)  pressure; duration 
B)  volume; force 
C)  viscosity; force 
D)  viscosity; duration

Question 19

What is the molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

Accepted Answer

A)  Troponin C 
B)  Troponin I 
C)  Troponin T 
D)  Troponin M 
A)  Troponin C 
B)  Troponin I 
C)  Troponin T 
D)  Troponin M

Question 20

What term represents the period during electrical activity of the heart when no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Accepted Answer

A)  The absolute refractory period 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  The resting phase 
D)  The cardiac threshold 
A)  The absolute refractory period 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  The resting phase 
D)  The cardiac threshold

Exam 23: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

The internal lining of the cardiovascular system is formed by what tissue?

A nurse is evaluating stroke volume. Which of the following factors affect stroke volume? (Select all that apply.)

What are the thickened areas of the sarcolemma that allow impulses to move rapidly between myocardial cells?

A nurse assesses the heart after acetylcholine because the effect of acetylcholine on the heart is to:

Which chamber of the heart generates the highest pressure?

What structure conducts action potentials down the atrioventricular septum?

A nurse is discussing the pressure generated at the end of diastole. Which term is the nurse describing?

A nurse observes a cardiologist multiplying the heart rate by stroke volume. What is the cardiologist measuring?

Where does the thoracic lymphatic duct drain?

What is a function of the pericardium?

What vessel(s) carry oxygenated blood?

Why does depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occur?

Where are the coronary ostia (the openings to the coronary arteries) found?

Within a normal physiological range, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume would lead the nurse to monitor for:

Where are baroreceptors located?

After activation of the Bainbridge reflex in a patient, the nurse assesses for:

Where is the primary cardiovascular control centre located?

As stated by Starling's law, there is a direct relationship between the _____ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _____ of contraction during the next systole.

What is the molecule that aids in bonding of the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin is troponin:

What term represents the period during electrical activity of the heart when no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Filters

As stated by Starling's law, there is a direct relationship between the _ of the blood in the heart at the end of diastole and the _ of contraction during the next systole.