Question 1

While auscultating a patient's lungs, a nurse recalls that the alveoli in the apices of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.

Accepted Answer

A)  larger 
B)  more numerous 
C)  more compliant 
D)  less perfused 
A)  larger 
B)  more numerous 
C)  more compliant 
D)  less perfused

Question 2

What is the pressure required to inflate an alveolus inversely related to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wall thickness 
B)  Surface tension 
C)  Minute volume 
D)  Alveolar radius 
A)  Wall thickness 
B)  Surface tension 
C)  Minute volume 
D)  Alveolar radius

Question 3

The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perfusion 
B)  Ventilation 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Circulation 
A)  Perfusion 
B)  Ventilation 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Circulation

Question 4

Which structures may be found in the walls of the respiratory bronchi? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle 
B)  Surfactant-producing glands 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Ciliated cells 
E)  Epithelial lining 
A)  Smooth muscle 
B)  Surfactant-producing glands 
C)  Goblet cells 
D)  Ciliated cells 
E)  Epithelial lining

Question 5

After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing. Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper respiratory tract chemoreceptors 
B)  Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airways 
C)  Irritant receptors in the nostrils 
D)  Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates 
A)  Upper respiratory tract chemoreceptors 
B)  Irritant receptors in the trachea and large airways 
C)  Irritant receptors in the nostrils 
D)  Upper respiratory nasal hairs and turbinates

Question 6

What is one of the functions of the pulmonary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expelling of bacteria 
B)  Exchange of gases between the environment and blood 
C)  Movement of blood into and out of the capillaries 
D)  Principal mechanism for cooling of the heart 
A)  Expelling of bacteria 
B)  Exchange of gases between the environment and blood 
C)  Movement of blood into and out of the capillaries 
D)  Principal mechanism for cooling of the heart

Question 7

Where does the majority of total airway resistance occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchi 
B)  Nose 
C)  Oral pharynx 
D)  Diaphragm 
A)  Bronchi 
B)  Nose 
C)  Oral pharynx 
D)  Diaphragm

Question 8

Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased partial pressure of O2 in the lungs. 
B)  increased oxygen consumption. 
C)  decreased PaCO2. 
D)  alterations in alveolar perfusion. 
A)  increased partial pressure of O2 in the lungs. 
B)  increased oxygen consumption. 
C)  decreased PaCO2. 
D)  alterations in alveolar perfusion.

Question 9

If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in respiratory rate 
B)  Decrease in ventilation rate 
C)  Increase in tidal volume 
D)  Vasodilation of the pulmonary arterioles 
A)  Increase in respiratory rate 
B)  Decrease in ventilation rate 
C)  Increase in tidal volume 
D)  Vasodilation of the pulmonary arterioles

Question 10

The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular blood supply. What is one function of this membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  To absorb air 
B)  To humidify air 
C)  To cool air 
D)  To exchange gases 
A)  To absorb air 
B)  To humidify air 
C)  To cool air 
D)  To exchange gases

Question 11

What physiology is present at the base of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arterial perfusion pressure is less than that of alveolar gas pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than they are at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure are equal. 
A)  Arterial perfusion pressure is less than that of alveolar gas pressure. 
B)  Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than they are at the apex. 
C)  Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure. 
D)  Arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure are equal.

Question 12

Which statement should the nurse make when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  is reached. 
B)  Vital capacity (V
C)  is reached. 
C)  Total lung capacity (TL
C)  is reached. 
D)  Residual volume (RV) is reached. 
A)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  is reached. 
B)  Vital capacity (V
C)  is reached. 
C)  Total lung capacity (TL
C)  is reached. 
D)  Residual volume (RV) is reached.

Exam 26: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

While auscultating a patient's lungs, a nurse recalls that the alveoli in the apices of the lungs are _____ than alveoli in the bases.

What is the pressure required to inflate an alveolus inversely related to?

The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this process?

Which structures may be found in the walls of the respiratory bronchi? (Select all that apply.)

After entering a room of chemical fog, a 20-year-old male cannot stop coughing. Which of the following structures are primarily responsible for his response?

What is one of the functions of the pulmonary system?

Where does the majority of total airway resistance occur?

Under most circumstances, increased work of breathing results in:

If an individual with respiratory difficulty were retaining too much carbon dioxide, which of the following compensatory responses would the nurse expect to be initiated?

The nasopharynx is lined with a ciliated mucosal membrane with a highly vascular blood supply. What is one function of this membrane?

What physiology is present at the base of the lungs?

Which statement should the nurse make when there is a balance between outward recoil of the chest wall and inward recoil of lungs at rest?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defence

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurological System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations of Neurological Function in Children

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Structure and Function of the Hematological System

Alterations of Hematological Function

Alterations of Hematological Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urological Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculo-Skeletal System

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function

Alterations of Musculo-Skeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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