Exam 9: Social and Emotional Development

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development suggests that developmental change occurs throughout life in __________ distinct stages,starting in infancy.

At approximately what age does a baby begin to demonstrate social referencing?

At 8 to 9 months,infants begin to use __________,the intentional search for information about others' feelings,to help clarify the meaning of uncertain situations.

Which attribute is a likely cause of major depressive disorder in adolescent females?

By the age of 4 months,infants use __________ to interpret others' facial expressions.

Which term refers to an infant's ability to interpret others' facial and vocal emotional expressions?

__________ can be used to demonstrate the limits to a 3-year-old child's theory of mind.

What factor led to the development of activity theory as an explanation for successful aging?

Trying to think differently about a situation you've encountered to make it feel less troubling is a strategy used in __________.

Erikson's theory is built on the __________,which suggests that unconscious influences affect our behavior.

Which structures in the brain are activated when a person observes someone performing a behavior?

__________ fire not only when a child enacts a particular behavior but also when the child simply observes another person carrying out the same behavior.

Which attachment style is characterized by high degrees of distress and agitation under a variety of circumstances?

Rhonda's mother is dropping her off at preschool for the first time,and Rhonda's behavior changes from a calm,happy baby,to a crying,cranky youngster who will not let go of her mother.Rhonda is demonstrating __________.

The attachment style where infants appear indifferent to their mother's behavior is known as __________.

Carla,70,enjoys swimming laps at the city pool,traveling to new foreign countries,and having lunch with friends each week.Carla's lifestyle is an example of __________ theory.

Describe the four attachment styles identified by researchers,and apply each style to Margo,a 1-year-old in Ainsworth's Strange Situation.

Children who show the __________ attachment pattern show inconsistent,contradictory,and confused behavior,such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her.

Being unpopular,having few close friends,and rejection are all associated with adolescent __________.

Describe the stages of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development during the early years of a child's life.