Exam 5: Cognitive Growth: Piaget and Vygotsky

Jean Piaget believed that a child's preschool years fit entirely in a single stage of cognitive development.What is this stage called?

Jimmy's mother places a new rattle in his crib.Instantly,Jimmy picks up the rattle,tries to mouth the rattle,and notices that when it shakes,it makes noise.Jimmy immediately tries shaking the rattle different ways to see how the sound changes,and he seems to enjoy this activity.What would Jean Piaget say this is an example of?

Piaget believed that the basic building blocks of our understanding of the world are mental structures called __________,organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development.

What is the term for Piaget's initial major stage of cognitive development,which can be divided further into six substages?

How do the theories of cognitive development proposed by Gisela Labouvie-Vief and Jean Piaget compare?

What did developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie call the first stage of cognitive development,encompassing all of childhood and adolescence?

__________ is reasoning that allows adolescents to use abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples.

Three-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo.While they were there,Alex's mother took him to see the otter exhibit.When he saw an otter swimming,he pointed and said,"A furry fish." In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development,what is Alex demonstrating?

What is the major difference between primary circular reactions and secondary circular reactions in Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

According to Vygotsky,the level at which a child can almost but not fully perform a task independently (but can do so with assistance)is the child's __________.

Discuss the main criticisms of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Which term describes the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects?

Describe criticisms of Piaget's view of cognitive development during the adolescent years and beyond.

Which term refers to a child's capacity to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?

According to Vygotsky,__________ establish the institutions that promote development by providing opportunities for cognitive growth.

According to Piaget,__________ is the process by which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking.

Schaie's final stage of cognitive development,the __________ stage,occurs in late adulthood as people focus on tasks that have personal meaning.

Seven-year-old Marvin and four-year-old Edgar are sitting at the table as their mother pours milk into their glasses.Both glasses are the same size and shape.However,Marvin's mother notices a chip on the lip of his glass,and decides that it is safer if she pours that milk into another glass.The new glass is shorter and much wider,and when she pours the milk into the new glass Edgar laughs and says that now he has more milk than Marvin.However,Marvin is not upset because he knows that he still got the same amount of milk.Which Piagetian principle is Marvin demonstrating?

According to developmental psychologist K.Warner Schaie,the point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers,family,and societal contributions is identified as which stage?

Give an example how recent research refutes some of Piaget's understanding of preschool children's abilities.