Exam 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr.Kushner suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school and college students, who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep deprivation.Given this information, what type of participants should Dr.Kushner recruit for his study?

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

The belief that the participants in a research study should be representative of the type of people who would also benefit from the findings of the research stems from which principle of the Belmont Report?

From an ethical standpoint, in what way is researching prisoners with tuberculosis similar to researching children with ADHD?

In which of the following ways is an institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) different from an institutional review board (IRB)?

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr.Kushner would need to ask which of the following questions?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Imagine that Dr.Kushner is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates.Because of his connections there, he is considering using prisoners as his participants.The institutional review board (IRB) that reviews his committee must have which of the following as a member?

Ethical decision making should be:

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Which of the following is true regarding obtaining informed consent in Dr.Kushner's study?

Why might a researcher debrief his participants even if his study didn't include any deceptive elements?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Upon receiving institutional review board (IRB) approval, Dr.Kushner trusts his graduate student to conduct the study.However, his graduate student does not conduct the study and instead provides Dr.Kushner with invented results that support his hypotheses.This is known as which of the following?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. As a psychologist who primarily does research, Dr.Kushner is most concerned with which APA standard of ethics?

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association?

What are the two issues that need to be balanced in conducting ethical research?

When conducting animal research, which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered?

What is the primary responsibility of an institutional review board (IRB), where are IRBs found, and who sits on such a board?

Which of the following is a difference between a debriefing session following a study with deception compared to a debriefing session following a study without deception?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1: Dr.Kushner is planning on conducting a study next semester.He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance.For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr.Kushner is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then wake them.After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr.Kushner plans to let them return to sleep.As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure.He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session.The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Imagine that Dr.Kushner is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates.Because of his connections there, he is considering using prisoners as his participants.Why is this choice potentially problematic?

What is plagiarism? Explain why plagiarism is an ethical violation.