Question 1

Which of the following is an advantage of studies that are conducted in real-world settings?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a high degree of internal validity. 
B)  They are more important than studies conducted in laboratories. 
C)  They are high in ecological validity. 
D)  They automatically generalize to other situations. 
A)  They have a high degree of internal validity. 
B)  They are more important than studies conducted in laboratories. 
C)  They are high in ecological validity. 
D)  They automatically generalize to other situations.

Question 2

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

Accepted Answer

The file drawer problem is that studies

Question 3

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

Preregistration occurs when scientists s

Question 4

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made in generalization mode?

Accepted Answer

A)  "A majority of women report considering infidelity at least once during their marriages." 
B)  "Men are more likely than women to report considering infidelity." 
C)  "Parental divorce is associated with greater likelihood of infidelity." 
D)  "Being exposed to attractive individuals increases thoughts of infidelity." 
A)  "A majority of women report considering infidelity at least once during their marriages." 
B)  "Men are more likely than women to report considering infidelity." 
C)  "Parental divorce is associated with greater likelihood of infidelity." 
D)  "Being exposed to attractive individuals increases thoughts of infidelity."

Question 5

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

Accepted Answer

When working in generalization mode, the

Question 6

RESEARCH STUDY 14.3: Dr.Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether people eat more when they are exposed to pictures of food than when they are not exposed to pictures of food.She goes to a fast-food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast-food restaurant that does not have pictures on its menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant). She finds that the restaurant with pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. Dr. Grayson would most be able to generalize her findings to which of the following populations?

Accepted Answer

A)  People from Chicago 
B)  People who live in downtown Chicago 
C)  People who eat lunch at fast-food restaurants 
D)  People who eat out at restaurants 
A)  People from Chicago 
B)  People who live in downtown Chicago 
C)  People who eat lunch at fast-food restaurants 
D)  People who eat out at restaurants

Question 7

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Accepted Answer

A)  replicability 
B)  external validity 
C)  internal validity 
D)  acceptance by scientists 
A)  replicability 
B)  external validity 
C)  internal validity 
D)  acceptance by scientists

Question 8

Which of the following types of study support external validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A study using non-randomly selected participants 
B)  A study that adds a new independent variable 
C)  A study that is a direct replication 
D)  A failed replication study 
A)  A study using non-randomly selected participants 
B)  A study that adds a new independent variable 
C)  A study that is a direct replication 
D)  A failed replication study

Question 9

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Construct validity 
B)  External validity 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  Statistical validity 
A)  Construct validity 
B)  External validity 
C)  Internal validity 
D)  Statistical validity

Question 10

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

Accepted Answer

A)  They report only on studies that have been directly replicated. 
B)  They report findings only from meta-analyses. 
C)  They provide readers with a sense of the entire literature as well as recent studies. 
D)  They provide readers with statistical values from each study. 
A)  They report only on studies that have been directly replicated. 
B)  They report findings only from meta-analyses. 
C)  They provide readers with a sense of the entire literature as well as recent studies. 
D)  They provide readers with statistical values from each study.

Question 11

A cultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following sets of participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sample of community college students 
B)  A sample of 12-year-old children 
C)  A sample of homeless veterans 
D)  A sample of Taiwanese grandparents 
A)  A sample of community college students 
B)  A sample of 12-year-old children 
C)  A sample of homeless veterans 
D)  A sample of Taiwanese grandparents

Question 12

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meta-analyses allow for calculation of effect size across multiple studies. 
B)  Only meta-analyses allow for examination of moderators. 
C)  Meta-analysis is the only type of publication that synthesizes an entire scientific literature. 
D)  Meta-analyses always avoid the file drawer problem. 
A)  Meta-analyses allow for calculation of effect size across multiple studies. 
B)  Only meta-analyses allow for examination of moderators. 
C)  Meta-analysis is the only type of publication that synthesizes an entire scientific literature. 
D)  Meta-analyses always avoid the file drawer problem.

Question 13

Explain what a meta-analysis is and how it is useful in understanding the importance of a scientific relationship.

Accepted Answer

A meta-analysis is a mathematical way of

Question 14

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women 
B)  Educated 
C)  Interdependent 
D)  Republican 
A)  Women 
B)  Educated 
C)  Interdependent 
D)  Republican

Question 15

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Accepted Answer

A)  75 girls aged 13-18, randomly sampled from multiple sites across the country 
B)  All 500 of the girls at a single high school 
C)  200 girls recruited from Girl Scout troops across the country 
D)  50 after-school female volunteers who were available to participate in the research easily 
A)  75 girls aged 13-18, randomly sampled from multiple sites across the country 
B)  All 500 of the girls at a single high school 
C)  200 girls recruited from Girl Scout troops across the country 
D)  50 after-school female volunteers who were available to participate in the research easily

Question 16

Dr.Fern recently collected data for a study examining whether an intervention targeting coping strategies can reduce depression.After analyzing the results, she finds no effect of her intervention on depression symptoms.Which of the following would you recommend she do next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preregister her study so she can publish the null findings. 
B)  Add more participants because her initial sample size may have been too small. 
C)  Contact journal editors to see if they will publish null results. 
D)  Try a different analytic approach. 
A)  Preregister her study so she can publish the null findings. 
B)  Add more participants because her initial sample size may have been too small. 
C)  Contact journal editors to see if they will publish null results. 
D)  Try a different analytic approach.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of p-hacking?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is considered a common and acceptable practice. 
B)  It is always done intentionally. 
C)  It is the same as HARKing. 
D)  It can involve running a different analysis than originally proposed. 
A)  It is considered a common and acceptable practice. 
B)  It is always done intentionally. 
C)  It is the same as HARKing. 
D)  It can involve running a different analysis than originally proposed.

Question 18

RESEARCH STUDY 14.4: Dr.Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods").In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college.He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen.He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year.He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance.
What is the difference between theory-testing mode and generalization mode? In which mode does Dr.Tropez seem to be operating?

Accepted Answer

In theory-testing mode, researchers are

Question 19

Explain why replication is important to science.Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

Accepted Answer

Replication is important to science beca

Question 20

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

Accepted Answer

A)  mundane surroundings. 
B)  a field setting. 
C)  an ecological situation. 
D)  authentic localities. 
A)  mundane surroundings. 
B)  a field setting. 
C)  an ecological situation. 
D)  authentic localities.

Which of the following is an advantage of studies that are conducted in real-world settings?

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made in generalization mode?

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Which of the following types of study support external validity?

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

A cultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following sets of participants?

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Explain what a meta-analysis is and how it is useful in understanding the importance of a scientific relationship.

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Dr.Fern recently collected data for a study examining whether an intervention targeting coping strategies can reduce depression.After analyzing the results, she finds no effect of her intervention on depression symptoms.Which of the following would you recommend she do next?

Which of the following is true of p-hacking?

Explain why replication is important to science.Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find IT

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters

Exam 14: Replicability, Generalization, and the Real World

Which of the following is an advantage of studies that are conducted in real-world settings?

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

What is preregistration? Why is it important in the scientific process?

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made in generalization mode?

Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its .

Which of the following types of study support external validity?

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

A cultural psychologist would be most interested in which of the following sets of participants?

Which of the following is a benefit of a meta-analysis compared to other types of publications?

Explain what a meta-analysis is and how it is useful in understanding the importance of a scientific relationship.

According to the textbook, which of the following is a component of WEIRD people?

Which of the following participant samples would most likely generalize to the population of teenage American girls?

Dr.Fern recently collected data for a study examining whether an intervention targeting coping strategies can reduce depression.After analyzing the results, she finds no effect of her intervention on depression symptoms.Which of the following would you recommend she do next?

Which of the following is true of p-hacking?

Explain why replication is important to science.Name a method that scientists use to determine whether a study is replicable.

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find IT

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Filters