Question 1

Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured,which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

A) What do people mean when they say,"Better to light a candle than to curse the darkness"? 
B) How many friends do you have? 
C) What does the word candid mean? 
D) In what way are a tree and a flower alike? 
A) What do people mean when they say,"Better to light a candle than to curse the darkness"? 
B) How many friends do you have? 
C) What does the word candid mean? 
D) In what way are a tree and a flower alike?

Question 2

Randy knows more as a tenth grader than he did as a first grader. One result of this increased knowledge base is that Randy:

Accepted Answer

A) Can use rehearsal more effectively. 
B) Is more easily distracted. 
C) Can think more logically when dealing with familiar topics. 
D) Is more likely to get the various things he knows confused with one another. 
A) Can use rehearsal more effectively. 
B) Is more easily distracted. 
C) Can think more logically when dealing with familiar topics. 
D) Is more likely to get the various things he knows confused with one another.

Question 3

A sixth-grade teacher is concerned about the poor academic performance of one of his students,a 12-year-old girl named Nancy. The teacher looks through Nancy's school records and discovers that she got an IQ score of 80 when she took an intelligence test in preschool. Considering the textbook's discussion of IQ scores,the teacher should conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A) Nancy's IQ is mostly an inherited characteristic,so there is little the teacher can do to improve her learning potential. 
B) Nancy's IQ is mostly due to environmental conditions; given proper stimulation,instruction,and curricular materials,it can probably be raised as much as 30 points over the next school year. 
C) Nancy's IQ score in preschool is not necessarily a good reflection of her capability in sixth grade. 
D) Nancy may still be at Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development. 
A) Nancy's IQ is mostly an inherited characteristic,so there is little the teacher can do to improve her learning potential. 
B) Nancy's IQ is mostly due to environmental conditions; given proper stimulation,instruction,and curricular materials,it can probably be raised as much as 30 points over the next school year. 
C) Nancy's IQ score in preschool is not necessarily a good reflection of her capability in sixth grade. 
D) Nancy may still be at Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development.

Question 4

Mr. Wilson will have a student with an intellectual disability included in his class this year. Her name is Tiffany,and Mr. Wilson is considering what changes he should make to his style of teaching to promote her success. Which one of the following strategies is least likely to be helpful?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Wilson will structure his lesson plans so that all of the children can work at their own pace as much as possible. This will allow Tiffany to go as slowly as she needs to in order to succeed. 
B) Mr. Wilson will use the Golden Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you")to define acceptable behavior in the classroom. He reasons that it will be easier for Tiffany to remember this rule than a more specific list,and it should apply to any unexpected problems that might arise. 
C) Mr. Wilson will have Tiffany work with a parent volunteer three times a week to learn simple addition facts. He gives the volunteer specific guidance about how to help Tiffany remember the facts: "Have her say each fact four times in a row and then write the fact four times as well. Review previously learned facts in every session." 
D) Mr. Wilson will make an effort to give Tiffany concrete instructions for new tasks so that she knows exactly what she needs to do. 
A) Mr. Wilson will structure his lesson plans so that all of the children can work at their own pace as much as possible. This will allow Tiffany to go as slowly as she needs to in order to succeed. 
B) Mr. Wilson will use the Golden Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you")to define acceptable behavior in the classroom. He reasons that it will be easier for Tiffany to remember this rule than a more specific list,and it should apply to any unexpected problems that might arise. 
C) Mr. Wilson will have Tiffany work with a parent volunteer three times a week to learn simple addition facts. He gives the volunteer specific guidance about how to help Tiffany remember the facts: "Have her say each fact four times in a row and then write the fact four times as well. Review previously learned facts in every session." 
D) Mr. Wilson will make an effort to give Tiffany concrete instructions for new tasks so that she knows exactly what she needs to do.

Question 5

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Based on this information,Olivia is reasoning in a manner consistent with Piaget's ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operations 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operations 
D) sensorimotor 
A) concrete operations 
B) preoperational 
C) formal operations 
D) sensorimotor

Question 6

In recent years some educators have spoken of the need to align educational practice with "brain research." To a considerable degree,they speak of the first few years of life as being a sensitive period for brain development,in large part because synaptogenesis,synaptic pruning,and myelination occur during this time. Respond to their line of reasoning by answering the following questions:
a. What roles do synaptogenesis,synaptic pruning,and myelination each play in brain development?
b. To what extent are these processes exclusive to the first five years of life?
c. Do any or all of these processes limit what children can learn once they reach age 5 or 6? If so,in what way(s)? If not,why not?

Accepted Answer

a. Synaptogenesis is a genetically drive

Question 7

Mr. Phillips wants his students to develop the ability to separate and control variables in scientific experimentation. Which one of the following instructional methods is most likely to help his students achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

A) Scaffolded inquiry-learning activities 
B) Small-group reciprocal-teaching activities 
C) Individualized assignments using computer spreadsheets 
D) Unstructured discovery-learning activities 
A) Scaffolded inquiry-learning activities 
B) Small-group reciprocal-teaching activities 
C) Individualized assignments using computer spreadsheets 
D) Unstructured discovery-learning activities

Question 8

Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?

Accepted Answer

A) Picture illustrations of number concepts 
B) Laboratory-type experiences with concrete objects 
C) Field trips to hands-on science museums 
D) Lectures that describe faraway places 
A) Picture illustrations of number concepts 
B) Laboratory-type experiences with concrete objects 
C) Field trips to hands-on science museums 
D) Lectures that describe faraway places

Question 9

Which of the following theoretical perspectives of child development would be most helpful to you if you wanted to consider the effects of local libraries,natural history museums,and other community resources on children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Nativism 
B) Psychodynamic theory 
C) Cognitive-developmental theory 
D) Ecological systems theory 
A) Nativism 
B) Psychodynamic theory 
C) Cognitive-developmental theory 
D) Ecological systems theory

Question 10

Four high school teachers have just learned that Ralph,one of their students,has scored extremely well on an intelligence test. Which teacher reveals a belief in the concept of g in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Hudson says,"No wonder Ralph performs consistently well in all of his classes!" 
B) Ms. Crawford says,"Ralph is an exceptional writer,but from what I've observed,his math skills are only average." 
C) Ms. Wyman says,"I agree that Ralph writes very well,but his spelling is atrocious." 
D) Mr. Grant says,"Ralph has trouble remembering basic math facts,but he's very good when it comes to solving challenging math problems." 
A) Mr. Hudson says,"No wonder Ralph performs consistently well in all of his classes!" 
B) Ms. Crawford says,"Ralph is an exceptional writer,but from what I've observed,his math skills are only average." 
C) Ms. Wyman says,"I agree that Ralph writes very well,but his spelling is atrocious." 
D) Mr. Grant says,"Ralph has trouble remembering basic math facts,but he's very good when it comes to solving challenging math problems."

Question 11

If teachers consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence,they would be most likely to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A) They can bring about dramatic improvements in students' IQs in a year or two if they provide a stimulating classroom environment. 
B) Regardless of cultural background,students with high intelligence will do well in school. 
C) Most students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another. 
D) Students who are fluent in two or three languages will be more intelligent than students who are fluent in just one. 
A) They can bring about dramatic improvements in students' IQs in a year or two if they provide a stimulating classroom environment. 
B) Regardless of cultural background,students with high intelligence will do well in school. 
C) Most students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another. 
D) Students who are fluent in two or three languages will be more intelligent than students who are fluent in just one.

Question 12

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) Schemes related to perceptions and active responses. 
B) Inaccurate mental representations of the world around them. 
C) The beginnings of deductive logic. 
D) Rudimentary schemes for dealing with abstract ideas. 
A) Schemes related to perceptions and active responses. 
B) Inaccurate mental representations of the world around them. 
C) The beginnings of deductive logic. 
D) Rudimentary schemes for dealing with abstract ideas.

Question 13

Students in a fourth-grade reading group are reading a passage about snakes. Their teacher asks,"Who can think of a title for this passage that summarizes what the passage is about?" After hearing several good suggestions,the teacher says,"The author says that snakes are helpful to farmers. What evidence does she give to support her statement?" If we consider Vygotsky's concept of internalization,we might predict that such a discussion will:

Accepted Answer

A) Be more beneficial for students who are working outside their zones of proximal development than for students working inside their ZPDs. 
B) Help students develop effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g.,summarizing,looking for supporting statements). 
C) Help students develop a greater interest in learning for its own sake. 
D) Be confusing and counterproductive for students who are not yet capable of abstract thought. 
A) Be more beneficial for students who are working outside their zones of proximal development than for students working inside their ZPDs. 
B) Help students develop effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g.,summarizing,looking for supporting statements). 
C) Help students develop a greater interest in learning for its own sake. 
D) Be confusing and counterproductive for students who are not yet capable of abstract thought.

Question 14

Which one of the following teachers is using reciprocal teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Armando has students work in pairs,testing each other's knowledge about a topic. 
B) Working with a small group,Mr. Bromley gives each student a chance to ask questions of his or her classmates regarding a section of text they are all reading. 
C) When a few students ask questions about things they don't understand,Ms. Cromwell asks if other students can answer the questions before answering them herself. 
D) A few days before a test,Ms. Dievers has each student describe the strategies he or she plans to use while studying. 
A) Mr. Armando has students work in pairs,testing each other's knowledge about a topic. 
B) Working with a small group,Mr. Bromley gives each student a chance to ask questions of his or her classmates regarding a section of text they are all reading. 
C) When a few students ask questions about things they don't understand,Ms. Cromwell asks if other students can answer the questions before answering them herself. 
D) A few days before a test,Ms. Dievers has each student describe the strategies he or she plans to use while studying.

Question 15

Mary agrees with this logic: If all violins are musical instruments,and if all musical instruments make sounds,then all violins must make sounds. However,we then present this situation involving the same logical reasoning: If all Cheetos are eggplants,and if all eggplants are oysters,then all Cheetos are oysters. Mary vehemently denies that Cheetos can possibly be oysters. Taking Piaget's perspective of cognitive development,we would conclude that Mary is in the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) sensorimotor 
A) concrete operational 
B) formal operational 
C) preoperational 
D) sensorimotor

Question 16

Three of the following teachers are using scaffolding to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms. Applegate gives her students a structure to follow as they write their first essay. 
B) Mr. Bernardo teaches a backhand tennis swing by gently guiding each student through the correct movement a few times. 
C) Ms. Chen gives her class some hints about how to solve an especially difficult word problem. 
D) Mr. Donaldson takes his students on a field trip to the local art museum. 
A) Ms. Applegate gives her students a structure to follow as they write their first essay. 
B) Mr. Bernardo teaches a backhand tennis swing by gently guiding each student through the correct movement a few times. 
C) Ms. Chen gives her class some hints about how to solve an especially difficult word problem. 
D) Mr. Donaldson takes his students on a field trip to the local art museum.

Question 17

In Piaget's theory,a scheme can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A lifestyle or family pattern. 
B) A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop. 
C) A repeatedly used group of similar thoughts or actions. 
D) A mental picture of oneself. 
A) A lifestyle or family pattern. 
B) A set of motor skills that preschoolers develop. 
C) A repeatedly used group of similar thoughts or actions. 
D) A mental picture of oneself.

Question 18

Ms. Killian and her fourth graders have been growing sunflowers under various conditions-they have grown sunflowers in different kinds of soil,with different amounts of water,and in varying degrees of sunlight. Below are four statements that Ms. Killian makes related to the sunflowers. Which one is most consistent with the idea of a cognitive apprenticeship?

Accepted Answer

A) "Who can tell me what photosynthesis is?" 
B) "How many of you have grown sunflowers at home? How many of you have moms or dads who are gardeners?" 
C) "This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there. Let's consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see now." 
D) "Elaine,please give each plant the same amount of water today that you gave it yesterday. Also,be sure that you keep each plant in the same location,so that the amount of sunlight it gets stays the same." 
A) "Who can tell me what photosynthesis is?" 
B) "How many of you have grown sunflowers at home? How many of you have moms or dads who are gardeners?" 
C) "This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there. Let's consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see now." 
D) "Elaine,please give each plant the same amount of water today that you gave it yesterday. Also,be sure that you keep each plant in the same location,so that the amount of sunlight it gets stays the same."

Question 19

A student at an Inuit school in northern Canada is quite a chatterbox in the classroom; in fact,she is often found talking to a classmate when she should be working quietly. Based on their cultural beliefs,her Inuit teachers are likely to think that this student:

Accepted Answer

A) Has low intelligence. 
B) Has strong leadership skills. 
C) Has little respect for authority figures. 
D) Might benefit from special educational services for the gifted. 
A) Has low intelligence. 
B) Has strong leadership skills. 
C) Has little respect for authority figures. 
D) Might benefit from special educational services for the gifted.

Question 20

Psychologists believe that intelligence is culture-specific-that "intelligent" behavior in one culture is not necessarily intelligent behavior in a different culture. Three of the following are aspects of intelligence regardless of the culture in which it is found. Which one is probably related to intelligence in some cultures but not in others?

Accepted Answer

A) Applying prior knowledge to new situations 
B) Doing well in academic subject matter 
C) Learning how to perform a new task quickly 
D) Adapting readily to new situations 
A) Applying prior knowledge to new situations 
B) Doing well in academic subject matter 
C) Learning how to perform a new task quickly 
D) Adapting readily to new situations

Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured,which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test?

Randy knows more as a tenth grader than he did as a first grader. One result of this increased knowledge base is that Randy:

Mr. Wilson will have a student with an intellectual disability included in his class this year. Her name is Tiffany,and Mr. Wilson is considering what changes he should make to his style of teaching to promote her success. Which one of the following strategies is least likely to be helpful?

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Based on this information,Olivia is reasoning in a manner consistent with Piaget's ________ stage of development.

Mr. Phillips wants his students to develop the ability to separate and control variables in scientific experimentation. Which one of the following instructional methods is most likely to help his students achieve this goal?

Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?

Which of the following theoretical perspectives of child development would be most helpful to you if you wanted to consider the effects of local libraries,natural history museums,and other community resources on children's cognitive development?

Four high school teachers have just learned that Ralph,one of their students,has scored extremely well on an intelligence test. Which teacher reveals a belief in the concept of g in intelligence?

If teachers consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence,they would be most likely to conclude that:

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Which one of the following teachers is using reciprocal teaching?

Three of the following teachers are using scaffolding to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

In Piaget's theory,a scheme can best be described as:

A student at an Inuit school in northern Canada is quite a chatterbox in the classroom; in fact,she is often found talking to a classmate when she should be working quietly. Based on their cultural beliefs,her Inuit teachers are likely to think that this student:

Introduction to Educational Psychology

Learning, cognition, and Memory

Complex Cognitive Processes

Learning in Context

Motivation and Affect

Personal, social, and Moral Development

Instructional Strategies

Strategies for Creating an Effective Classroom School Environment

Assessment Strategies

Describing Associations With Correlation Coefficients

Understanding and Interpreting Standardized Test Results

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development

Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured,which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test?

Randy knows more as a tenth grader than he did as a first grader. One result of this increased knowledge base is that Randy:

Mr. Wilson will have a student with an intellectual disability included in his class this year. Her name is Tiffany,and Mr. Wilson is considering what changes he should make to his style of teaching to promote her success. Which one of the following strategies is least likely to be helpful?

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Based on this information,Olivia is reasoning in a manner consistent with Piaget's ________ stage of development.

Mr. Phillips wants his students to develop the ability to separate and control variables in scientific experimentation. Which one of the following instructional methods is most likely to help his students achieve this goal?

Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?

Which of the following theoretical perspectives of child development would be most helpful to you if you wanted to consider the effects of local libraries,natural history museums,and other community resources on children's cognitive development?

Four high school teachers have just learned that Ralph,one of their students,has scored extremely well on an intelligence test. Which teacher reveals a belief in the concept of g in intelligence?

If teachers consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence,they would be most likely to conclude that:

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Which one of the following teachers is using reciprocal teaching?

Three of the following teachers are using scaffolding to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

In Piaget's theory,a scheme can best be described as:

A student at an Inuit school in northern Canada is quite a chatterbox in the classroom; in fact,she is often found talking to a classmate when she should be working quietly. Based on their cultural beliefs,her Inuit teachers are likely to think that this student:

Introduction to Educational Psychology

Learning, cognition, and Memory

Complex Cognitive Processes

Learning in Context

Motivation and Affect

Personal, social, and Moral Development

Instructional Strategies

Strategies for Creating an Effective Classroom School Environment

Assessment Strategies

Describing Associations With Correlation Coefficients

Understanding and Interpreting Standardized Test Results

Filters