Exam 4: Learning in Context

Which one of the following best illustrates inclusion as special educators use the term?

Three of the following are differences that teachers may find among children from some cultural backgrounds. Which behavior is probably not the result of a child's cultural background per se?

Three of the following strategies are recommended for working with students from low-income families. Which one is not recommended?

Which one of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Which one of the following is the best example of intrinsic reinforcement?

If you wanted to give students feedback that could help them improve their behavior,which one of the following would you be least likely to do?

Distributed cognition can best be described as:

Ms. Smythe keeps Eric after school whenever he swears in class. Even though Eric has been kept after school each day for the past three weeks,his swearing hasn't decreased at all-in fact,it has steadily increased. Given what we know about the effects of punishment on behavior,Ms. Smythe should probably conclude that:

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the idea of situated learning?

Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about cultural differences among students?

Rani has just moved to this country from a Middle Eastern nation where most women remain at home serving their husbands and taking care of their children. She seems confused when she is asked to perform the same school tasks as her male classmates. Rani's situation illustrates:

Primary reinforcers are stimuli that:

Sharon knows that Kathy frequently completes her assignments long after their due dates. She has noticed that their teacher willingly accepts Kathy's late assignments because Kathy always has creative excuses for turning them in late. Sharon begins to do the same thing-she turns in assignments past the due date and makes up excuses for why she is late. Sharon's increase in excuse-making is due to:

In psychologists' conceptualization of reciprocal causation,which one of the following is an internal variable?

Three of the following statements about a community of learners are accurate. Which one is not accurate?

Three of the following are recommended strategies for addressing students' stereotypes about cultures and ethnic groups very different from their own. Which one is not recommended?

Modeling can be a very effective teaching strategy. Choose a specific behavior you might teach your students through modeling. Then describe how you would take into account the four conditions essential for students to imitate modeled behaviors.

Imagine you are a seventh-grade teacher. Below are four behaviors you might exhibit in your classroom. Considering the textbook's discussion of modeling,choose the behavior your students are least likely to imitate.

The term negative reinforcement can best be described as a situation in which:

Jason has difficulty paying attention and staying on task during class. He is not a "discipline problem" in the sense that he distracts other students. Instead he simply spends his time drawing pictures in his notebook. Nevertheless,he clearly is not achieving important classroom objectives. Explain how you might use each of the following techniques to improve his classroom behavior: a. Cueing b. Contingency contract c. Shaping For each technique,be specific and concrete as to what you might do.