Question 1

In which pair of students do we see a distinct difference in cognitive style?

Accepted Answer

A) Abby does her assigned readings only if she knows she will be tested on them. In contrast,Adam reads every assignment because he finds the subject matter fascinating. 
B) Bill tries hard to do his best at everything. In contrast,Beth works only at tasks that come easily to her. 
C) Cara enjoys every minute she's at school and approaches each new classroom activity with enthusiasm. In contrast,Connor sits at the back of the classroom uninvolved and mumbling under his breath that every activity is "stupid." 
D) During a lecture,David learns more from what the teacher says,whereas Donna can more easily remember the pictures and diagrams the teacher presents. 
A) Abby does her assigned readings only if she knows she will be tested on them. In contrast,Adam reads every assignment because he finds the subject matter fascinating. 
B) Bill tries hard to do his best at everything. In contrast,Beth works only at tasks that come easily to her. 
C) Cara enjoys every minute she's at school and approaches each new classroom activity with enthusiasm. In contrast,Connor sits at the back of the classroom uninvolved and mumbling under his breath that every activity is "stupid." 
D) During a lecture,David learns more from what the teacher says,whereas Donna can more easily remember the pictures and diagrams the teacher presents.

Question 2

Mr. Remignanti asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses,one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes,with Anne's being tall and thin and Kate's being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade,Mr. Remignanti says to her,"Look,the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate's glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?" "No," Anne replies,"my glass is skinnier." Mr. Remignanti continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remignanti's strategy can best be described as illustrating:

Accepted Answer

A) The clinical method. 
B) Reciprocal teaching. 
C) Distributed intelligence. 
D) Plasticity. 
A) The clinical method. 
B) Reciprocal teaching. 
C) Distributed intelligence. 
D) Plasticity.

Question 3

Which one of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Students' behaviors affect their development. 
B) Students alter their environment through their internal variables,such as their genes and traits. 
C) Students often search for environments that are a good fit for their internal variables and behaviors. 
D) Students' development proceeds more quickly when their behaviors precede their internal variables,such as genes and traits. 
A) Students' behaviors affect their development. 
B) Students alter their environment through their internal variables,such as their genes and traits. 
C) Students often search for environments that are a good fit for their internal variables and behaviors. 
D) Students' development proceeds more quickly when their behaviors precede their internal variables,such as genes and traits.

Question 4

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for adapting instruction for students who are gifted. Which one does it not recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) Ask students to be patient while their classmates master instructional objectives. 
B) Form study groups of students who have similar strengths. 
C) Encourage students to aim high in their aspirations. 
D) Find outside resources through which students can pursue specialized interests. 
A) Ask students to be patient while their classmates master instructional objectives. 
B) Form study groups of students who have similar strengths. 
C) Encourage students to aim high in their aspirations. 
D) Find outside resources through which students can pursue specialized interests.

Question 5

Lily is 10 years old. She gets a score of 97 on an IQ test. What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?

Accepted Answer

A) Lily must be a very smart girl because 100 is a perfect score. 
B) Lily is brighter than two-thirds of her age-mates,as IQ scores go up to about 150. 
C) Lily's score is in the bottom 20% of her age-group. 
D) Lily's score is about average for her age-group. 
A) Lily must be a very smart girl because 100 is a perfect score. 
B) Lily is brighter than two-thirds of her age-mates,as IQ scores go up to about 150. 
C) Lily's score is in the bottom 20% of her age-group. 
D) Lily's score is about average for her age-group.

Question 6

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Accepted Answer

A) Development occurs in stages,with each stage occurring at the same age for all children. 
B) Developmental milestones appear in a consistent sequence for most children. 
C) Physical development occurs in a predictable sequence,but cognitive development does not. 
D) Cognitive development occurs in a predictable sequence,but physical development does not. 
A) Development occurs in stages,with each stage occurring at the same age for all children. 
B) Developmental milestones appear in a consistent sequence for most children. 
C) Physical development occurs in a predictable sequence,but cognitive development does not. 
D) Cognitive development occurs in a predictable sequence,but physical development does not.

Question 7

Which one of these is central to an information processing approach to child development?

Accepted Answer

A) How children learn from observing others 
B) How children learn from what others tell them 
C) What consequences follow children's behaviors 
D) How mental processes change over time 
A) How children learn from observing others 
B) How children learn from what others tell them 
C) What consequences follow children's behaviors 
D) How mental processes change over time

Question 8

Imagine you are a third-grade teacher. If you look at cognitive development from Piaget's perspective,which stage would best characterize most of your students?

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operational stage 
B) formal operational stage 
C) preoperational stage 
D) sensorimotor stage 
A) concrete operational stage 
B) formal operational stage 
C) preoperational stage 
D) sensorimotor stage

Question 9

Which one of the following is the best example of instruction that is consistent with discovery and inquiry learning?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms. Markowitz instructs her students to take notes during her lecture and then goes over the notes with them to make sure they understand the material. 
B) Mr. Tseng gives his students a free day to spend in the library reading about whatever subjects they like. 
C) Mr. Vicker takes his science students to a tide pool and asks them to describe and categorize the various life-forms they find there. 
D) Ms. Haxten instructs her drama students to think about what their characters are like as they memorize their lines for a play. 
A) Ms. Markowitz instructs her students to take notes during her lecture and then goes over the notes with them to make sure they understand the material. 
B) Mr. Tseng gives his students a free day to spend in the library reading about whatever subjects they like. 
C) Mr. Vicker takes his science students to a tide pool and asks them to describe and categorize the various life-forms they find there. 
D) Ms. Haxten instructs her drama students to think about what their characters are like as they memorize their lines for a play.

Question 10

In the human brain,a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood. This pruning appears to be:

Accepted Answer

A) The unfortunate result of insufficiently stimulating home and school environments. 
B) An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with their environment. 
C) Due to an imbalance of important nutrients,and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children's diets. 
D) The result of the fact that the cortex is slowly taking over responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain. 
A) The unfortunate result of insufficiently stimulating home and school environments. 
B) An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with their environment. 
C) Due to an imbalance of important nutrients,and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children's diets. 
D) The result of the fact that the cortex is slowly taking over responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) How "intelligent" children become is,to some extent,a function of the number of siblings they have; children from larger families tend to have slightly lower IQ scores. 
B) How "intelligent" students are is,to some extent,a function of class size; students achieve at lower levels when they are in larger classes. 
C) Students almost invariably perform at higher levels in some academic subject areas than they do in others. 
D) On average,students can act more intelligently when they can use outside resources as well as their minds. 
A) How "intelligent" children become is,to some extent,a function of the number of siblings they have; children from larger families tend to have slightly lower IQ scores. 
B) How "intelligent" students are is,to some extent,a function of class size; students achieve at lower levels when they are in larger classes. 
C) Students almost invariably perform at higher levels in some academic subject areas than they do in others. 
D) On average,students can act more intelligently when they can use outside resources as well as their minds.

Question 12

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Arvis asks students to exchange and grade one another's homework assignments. 
B) Mr. Baker encourages his students to use their calculators when solving algebraic word problems. 
C) Mr. Chinn gives easy writing assignments at the beginning of the year and raises his expectations as the school year progresses. 
D) Mr. Devlin encourages his students to relate what they are learning in social studies to their own personal experiences. 
A) Mr. Arvis asks students to exchange and grade one another's homework assignments. 
B) Mr. Baker encourages his students to use their calculators when solving algebraic word problems. 
C) Mr. Chinn gives easy writing assignments at the beginning of the year and raises his expectations as the school year progresses. 
D) Mr. Devlin encourages his students to relate what they are learning in social studies to their own personal experiences.

Question 13

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship related to mathematical word problems?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Ferguson gives students numerous word problems involving addition until they can solve such problems easily. 
B) Mr. Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem,with Mr. Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem. 
C) Ms. Lupinsky asks students to do easy word problems as a way of boosting their self-confidence for the more difficult problems that will soon follow. 
D) Ms. Pang individualizes the word problems she gives each student. 
A) Mr. Ferguson gives students numerous word problems involving addition until they can solve such problems easily. 
B) Mr. Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem,with Mr. Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem. 
C) Ms. Lupinsky asks students to do easy word problems as a way of boosting their self-confidence for the more difficult problems that will soon follow. 
D) Ms. Pang individualizes the word problems she gives each student.

Question 14

A fourth-grade teacher says,"All of my students have strengths in certain areas. For example,some of them are really good at solving math problems. Others are really fast readers. Still others have a marvelous ability to make connections among seemingly very different ideas. And a couple of them are 'walking encyclopedias' of facts about the world." With which one of the following theoretical perspectives is the teacher's statement most consistent?

Accepted Answer

A) Cattell's concept of fluid intelligence 
B) Spearman's general factor in intelligence 
C) The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities 
D) Distributed intelligence 
A) Cattell's concept of fluid intelligence 
B) Spearman's general factor in intelligence 
C) The Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities 
D) Distributed intelligence

Question 15

As a teacher,you may find that some of your students have exceptional gifts or talents in the subject matter you are teaching.
a. Describe three behaviors that may lead you to believe that one or more of your students is potentially eligible for special services for the gifted.
b. Identify three different strategies you might use to provide educational experiences suitable for students who are gifted. For each strategy,describe what you might do in specific,concrete terms.

Accepted Answer

a. Behaviors that indicate possible gift

Question 16

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

A) Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories. 
B) Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her,helping her and reminding her of what to do. 
C) Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band. He finds that it helps to keep the tempo if he taps the beat with his foot. 
D) Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems even when her teacher gives her several helpful hints. 
A) Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories. 
B) Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques. She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her,helping her and reminding her of what to do. 
C) Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band. He finds that it helps to keep the tempo if he taps the beat with his foot. 
D) Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems even when her teacher gives her several helpful hints.

Question 17

Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning situation. Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr. Azama makes sure students have some knowledge about triangles,including the concepts of base and height,and then provides an exercise through which they discover for themselves the formula for calculating a triangle's area. 
B) Ms. Berkowitz asks students to write down their discoveries about what happens to a chemical solution when they heat it. 
C) Ms. Clift gives students several guidelines to follow as they conduct a physics experiment. 
D) Mr. DiCicco takes his students to the site of a Civil War battle and says,"Okay,look around and see what you can find that might be of interest to your peers." 
A) Mr. Azama makes sure students have some knowledge about triangles,including the concepts of base and height,and then provides an exercise through which they discover for themselves the formula for calculating a triangle's area. 
B) Ms. Berkowitz asks students to write down their discoveries about what happens to a chemical solution when they heat it. 
C) Ms. Clift gives students several guidelines to follow as they conduct a physics experiment. 
D) Mr. DiCicco takes his students to the site of a Civil War battle and says,"Okay,look around and see what you can find that might be of interest to your peers."

Question 18

As children grow older,many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more rapidly than they did in the early years of life,thanks to:

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing dominance of one brain hemisphere over the other. 
B) The process of synaptogenesis. 
C) The process of myelination. 
D) An increasing variety of neurotransmitters. 
A) Increasing dominance of one brain hemisphere over the other. 
B) The process of synaptogenesis. 
C) The process of myelination. 
D) An increasing variety of neurotransmitters.

Question 19

From the perspective of Vygotsky and the textbook,opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g.,playing "house" or "doctor")have which one of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

A) They allow children to practice adult behaviors. 
B) They can promote equilibration. 
C) They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive development. 
D) They foster traditional gender stereotypes. 
A) They allow children to practice adult behaviors. 
B) They can promote equilibration. 
C) They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive development. 
D) They foster traditional gender stereotypes.

Question 20

Marcy is given her choice of two identical chocolate bars,one of which has been broken into four pieces. Marcy chooses the broken candy bar,believing that it has more candy. From Piaget's perspective,Marcy is showing a lack of ________,indicating that she has not yet completed the transition to the _________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) proportional reasoning; concrete operations 
B) proportional reasoning; formal operations 
C) conservation; concrete operations 
D) conservation; formal operations 
A) proportional reasoning; concrete operations 
B) proportional reasoning; formal operations 
C) conservation; concrete operations 
D) conservation; formal operations

In which pair of students do we see a distinct difference in cognitive style?

Which one of the following is false?

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for adapting instruction for students who are gifted. Which one does it not recommend?

Lily is 10 years old. She gets a score of 97 on an IQ test. What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Which one of these is central to an information processing approach to child development?

Imagine you are a third-grade teacher. If you look at cognitive development from Piaget's perspective,which stage would best characterize most of your students?

Which one of the following is the best example of instruction that is consistent with discovery and inquiry learning?

In the human brain,a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood. This pruning appears to be:

Which one of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship related to mathematical word problems?

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning situation. Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?

As children grow older,many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more rapidly than they did in the early years of life,thanks to:

From the perspective of Vygotsky and the textbook,opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g.,playing "house" or "doctor")have which one of the following effects?

Introduction to Educational Psychology

Learning, cognition, and Memory

Complex Cognitive Processes

Learning in Context

Motivation and Affect

Personal, social, and Moral Development

Instructional Strategies

Strategies for Creating an Effective Classroom School Environment

Assessment Strategies

Describing Associations With Correlation Coefficients

Understanding and Interpreting Standardized Test Results

Filters

Exam 6: Cognitive Development

In which pair of students do we see a distinct difference in cognitive style?

Which one of the following is false?

The textbook recommends three of the following strategies for adapting instruction for students who are gifted. Which one does it not recommend?

Lily is 10 years old. She gets a score of 97 on an IQ test. What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Which one of these is central to an information processing approach to child development?

Imagine you are a third-grade teacher. If you look at cognitive development from Piaget's perspective,which stage would best characterize most of your students?

Which one of the following is the best example of instruction that is consistent with discovery and inquiry learning?

In the human brain,a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood. This pruning appears to be:

Which one of the following statements most accurately reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship related to mathematical word problems?

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning situation. Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?

As children grow older,many of their neurons begin to transmit messages more rapidly than they did in the early years of life,thanks to:

From the perspective of Vygotsky and the textbook,opportunities to engage in pretend play (e.g.,playing "house" or "doctor")have which one of the following effects?

Introduction to Educational Psychology

Learning, cognition, and Memory

Complex Cognitive Processes

Learning in Context

Motivation and Affect

Personal, social, and Moral Development

Instructional Strategies

Strategies for Creating an Effective Classroom School Environment

Assessment Strategies

Describing Associations With Correlation Coefficients

Understanding and Interpreting Standardized Test Results

Filters