Question 1

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  scripts. 
B)  operations. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  mental modules. 
A)  scripts. 
B)  operations. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  mental modules.

Question 2

Ciara has just attempted to put her doll's shoe on her own foot. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  her motor drive. 
B)  precausal reasoning. 
C)  a scale error. 
D)  decentration. 
A)  her motor drive. 
B)  precausal reasoning. 
C)  a scale error. 
D)  decentration.

Question 3

According to the information-processing view of development, preschool children have:

Accepted Answer

A)  limited information-processing capacity. 
B)  the ability to direct their attention at will. 
C)  more than enough memory to solve problems. 
D)  more than enough attention to solve problems. 
A)  limited information-processing capacity. 
B)  the ability to direct their attention at will. 
C)  more than enough memory to solve problems. 
D)  more than enough attention to solve problems.

Question 4

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  learn language. 
B)  understand simple commands. 
C)  operate simple machines, such as staplers. 
D)  combine, separate, and transform information mentally. 
A)  learn language. 
B)  understand simple commands. 
C)  operate simple machines, such as staplers. 
D)  combine, separate, and transform information mentally.

Question 5

The ability to think about other people's mental states that develops in a child's fourth or fifth year of life is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  centering. 
B)  theory of mind. 
C)  egocentric reasoning. 
D)  transductive reasoning. 
A)  centering. 
B)  theory of mind. 
C)  egocentric reasoning. 
D)  transductive reasoning.

Question 6

An outcome of centration in children's thinking is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  appear to have more sophisticated understanding than they actually have. 
B)  misinterpret instructions when asked to solve tasks. 
C)  consider multiple aspects of a task at the same time. 
D)  are particularly susceptible to biased reasoning because they focus on a single aspect of a task. 
A)  appear to have more sophisticated understanding than they actually have. 
B)  misinterpret instructions when asked to solve tasks. 
C)  consider multiple aspects of a task at the same time. 
D)  are particularly susceptible to biased reasoning because they focus on a single aspect of a task.

Question 7

That children must acquire a large repertoire of scripts needed for appropriate contexts provides a natural explanation of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental modules. 
B)  growth of the brain. 
C)  transductive reasoning. 
D)  unevenness of development in early childhood. 
A)  mental modules. 
B)  growth of the brain. 
C)  transductive reasoning. 
D)  unevenness of development in early childhood.

Question 8

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "three-mountain-problem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibited greater limitations in taking the perspective of others. 
B)  exhibited greater success at taking the perspective of others. 
C)  were equally able to take the perspective of others. 
D)  became distracted by the toys and failed to complete the task. 
A)  exhibited greater limitations in taking the perspective of others. 
B)  exhibited greater success at taking the perspective of others. 
C)  were equally able to take the perspective of others. 
D)  became distracted by the toys and failed to complete the task.

Question 9

Young children's tendency to focus on only one feature of an object is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  centration. 
B)  decentration. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  egocentrism. 
A)  centration. 
B)  decentration. 
C)  objectivity. 
D)  egocentrism.

Question 10

Preschool-aged children's thinking can be described as inconsistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Piaget may have underestimated young children's cognitive competence in causal reasoning because:

Accepted Answer

A)  his problems deliberately tried to confuse young children. 
B)  he relied on verbally presented problems and verbal justifications of reasoning. 
C)  he used only interviews with his own children as the basis of his conclusions. 
D)  he required children to manipulate objects they were not yet capable of manipulating. 
A)  his problems deliberately tried to confuse young children. 
B)  he relied on verbally presented problems and verbal justifications of reasoning. 
C)  he used only interviews with his own children as the basis of his conclusions. 
D)  he required children to manipulate objects they were not yet capable of manipulating.

Question 12

Sarah has just learned how to skip and has spent the afternoon skipping around in her front yard. How old is she likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 years 
B)  3 years 
C)  4 years 
D)  5 years 
A)  2 years 
B)  3 years 
C)  4 years 
D)  5 years

Question 13

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3-year-old would say it was a(n) ____________, a 4-year-old would say it was a(an) ____________, and a 6-year-old would say it was a(n) ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  egg; stone; stone 
B)  egg; egg; egg 
C)  stone; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
D)  egg; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
A)  egg; stone; stone 
B)  egg; egg; egg 
C)  stone; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone 
D)  egg; egg sometimes and stone sometimes; stone

Question 14

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  logic and magic. 
B)  insight and ignorance. 
C)  object permanence and abstract reasoning. 
D)  reasoned and unreasonable. 
A)  logic and magic. 
B)  insight and ignorance. 
C)  object permanence and abstract reasoning. 
D)  reasoned and unreasonable.

Question 15

Cross-cultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  a wide variety in the way people of different cultures use domain-specific languages. 
B)  mixed evidence about whether language differences affect the development of naïve psychology. 
C)  participating in everyday activities is not important for developing thinking in privileged domains. 
D)  an important source of information for children's developing theories is their interactions and conversations with their parents. 
A)  a wide variety in the way people of different cultures use domain-specific languages. 
B)  mixed evidence about whether language differences affect the development of naïve psychology. 
C)  participating in everyday activities is not important for developing thinking in privileged domains. 
D)  an important source of information for children's developing theories is their interactions and conversations with their parents.

Question 16

Cultural contexts influence the unevenness of children's development in all of the following ways except:

Accepted Answer

A)  arranging for certain activities to occur or not occur. 
B)  regulating the child's role in specific activities. 
C)  determining the amount of practice a child will have in a specific activity. 
D)  isolating activities and events away from each other. 
A)  arranging for certain activities to occur or not occur. 
B)  regulating the child's role in specific activities. 
C)  determining the amount of practice a child will have in a specific activity. 
D)  isolating activities and events away from each other.

Question 17

Piaget called the period of cognitive development that occurs during early childhood the preoperational stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Children often attribute humanlike properties to all living things.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Research on variations in the pencil-in-a-candy-box false belief task indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  no matter how it is presented, children only rarely indicate an understanding of others' beliefs before age 4. 
B)  75 percent of 3-year-old children can pass the task if their role is changed to trying to trick another person. 
C)  once children can pass the standard false belief task, they are able to evaluate others' desires in competitive games. 
D)  children develop their understanding of others' beliefs in a stage-like manner. 
A)  no matter how it is presented, children only rarely indicate an understanding of others' beliefs before age 4. 
B)  75 percent of 3-year-old children can pass the task if their role is changed to trying to trick another person. 
C)  once children can pass the standard false belief task, they are able to evaluate others' desires in competitive games. 
D)  children develop their understanding of others' beliefs in a stage-like manner.

Question 20

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural-context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the Piagetian perspective views children as active participants in constructing their own knowledge of the world around them. 
B)  Only the Piagetian perspective views innate capabilities as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
C)  Only the cultural-context perspective views development as being tied to the specific contexts within which a child develops. 
D)  Only the cultural-context perspective views "nurture" and experiences as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
A)  Only the Piagetian perspective views children as active participants in constructing their own knowledge of the world around them. 
B)  Only the Piagetian perspective views innate capabilities as important contributors to developmental outcomes. 
C)  Only the cultural-context perspective views development as being tied to the specific contexts within which a child develops. 
D)  Only the cultural-context perspective views "nurture" and experiences as important contributors to developmental outcomes.

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Ciara has just attempted to put her doll's shoe on her own foot. This is an example of:

According to the information-processing view of development, preschool children have:

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

The ability to think about other people's mental states that develops in a child's fourth or fifth year of life is referred to as:

An outcome of centration in children's thinking is that they:

That children must acquire a large repertoire of scripts needed for appropriate contexts provides a natural explanation of:

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "three-mountain-problem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Young children's tendency to focus on only one feature of an object is called:

Preschool-aged children's thinking can be described as inconsistent.

Piaget may have underestimated young children's cognitive competence in causal reasoning because:

Sarah has just learned how to skip and has spent the afternoon skipping around in her front yard. How old is she likely to be?

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3-year-old would say it was a(n) , a 4-year-old would say it was a(an) , and a 6-year-old would say it was a(n) .

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Cross-cultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals all of the following EXCEPT:

Cultural contexts influence the unevenness of children's development in all of the following ways except:

Piaget called the period of cognitive development that occurs during early childhood the preoperational stage.

Children often attribute humanlike properties to all living things.

Research on variations in the pencil-in-a-candy-box false belief task indicates:

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural-context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

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Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Highly specific mental faculties associated with particular domains of environmental input are referred to as:

Ciara has just attempted to put her doll's shoe on her own foot. This is an example of:

According to the information-processing view of development, preschool children have:

Piaget used the term "preoperational" to describe children between the ages of 3 and 5 because they do not yet have the ability to:

The ability to think about other people's mental states that develops in a child's fourth or fifth year of life is referred to as:

An outcome of centration in children's thinking is that they:

That children must acquire a large repertoire of scripts needed for appropriate contexts provides a natural explanation of:

When compared to their performance on Piaget's classic "three-mountain-problem," children who were asked to reason about a more familiar farm scene:

Young children's tendency to focus on only one feature of an object is called:

Preschool-aged children's thinking can be described as inconsistent.

Piaget may have underestimated young children's cognitive competence in causal reasoning because:

Sarah has just learned how to skip and has spent the afternoon skipping around in her front yard. How old is she likely to be?

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3-year-old would say it was a(n) ____________, a 4-year-old would say it was a(an) ____________, and a 6-year-old would say it was a(n) ____________.

The thinking of children between ages 2 and 5 wobbles back and forth between all of the following EXCEPT:

Cross-cultural research on the effect of language on privileged domains reveals all of the following EXCEPT:

Cultural contexts influence the unevenness of children's development in all of the following ways except:

Piaget called the period of cognitive development that occurs during early childhood the preoperational stage.

Children often attribute humanlike properties to all living things.

Research on variations in the pencil-in-a-candy-box false belief task indicates:

The Piagetian view of development and the cultural-context view of development differ in which of the following ways?

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

When asked what a stone that appeared to be an egg looked like and what it really was, a 3-year-old would say it was a(n) , a 4-year-old would say it was a(an) , and a 6-year-old would say it was a(n) .