Question 1

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Accepted Answer

A)  factors inside the child. 
B)  factors outside the child. 
C)  the interactions of culture and biology. 
D)  the interactions of schemas and the environment. 
A)  factors inside the child. 
B)  factors outside the child. 
C)  the interactions of culture and biology. 
D)  the interactions of schemas and the environment.

Question 2

Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder defined primarily by:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental retardation. 
B)  an inability to relate normally to other people. 
C)  extreme anxiety. 
D)  stage-like development. 
A)  mental retardation. 
B)  an inability to relate normally to other people. 
C)  extreme anxiety. 
D)  stage-like development.

Question 3

Researchers concerned about health issues related to obesity look at children's actual weight gain, as well as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  rate at which children gain their weight. 
B)  time of day that children consume the most calories. 
C)  relationship between children's weight and their gross motor skills. 
D)  relationship between children's weight and their family's level of food security. 
A)  rate at which children gain their weight. 
B)  time of day that children consume the most calories. 
C)  relationship between children's weight and their gross motor skills. 
D)  relationship between children's weight and their family's level of food security.

Question 4

Working memory is another term for long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Early scripts are:

Accepted Answer

A)  essentially external cultural tools. 
B)  not well ordered. 
C)  essentially internal cultural tools. 
D)  initiated by children. 
A)  essentially external cultural tools. 
B)  not well ordered. 
C)  essentially internal cultural tools. 
D)  initiated by children.

Question 6

Some evidence that 3-year-old children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

Accepted Answer

A)  standard false belief tasks. 
B)  the standard three-mountain task. 
C)  standard appearance-reality tasks. 
D)  modifications of standard Piagetian tasks. 
A)  standard false belief tasks. 
B)  the standard three-mountain task. 
C)  standard appearance-reality tasks. 
D)  modifications of standard Piagetian tasks.

Question 7

According to information-processing theorists, which of the following stores information for a fraction of a second before it is processed?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory register 
B)  short-term (working) memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  mental modules 
A)  sensory register 
B)  short-term (working) memory 
C)  long-term memory 
D)  mental modules

Question 8

Young children develop a theory of mind about how people's beliefs and desires combine to shape their actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following BEST describes what a stage theorist would say regarding the unevenness of thought in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unevenness of thought reflects variability in performance due to task demands. 
B)  Unevenness of thought reflects differences in levels of cognitive competence. 
C)  Unevenness of thought is inconsistent with stage views. 
D)  Unevenness of thought is due to gradual increases in cognitive functioning. 
A)  Unevenness of thought reflects variability in performance due to task demands. 
B)  Unevenness of thought reflects differences in levels of cognitive competence. 
C)  Unevenness of thought is inconsistent with stage views. 
D)  Unevenness of thought is due to gradual increases in cognitive functioning.

Question 10

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

Accepted Answer

A)  been too simplistic for young children. 
B)  been appropriate for false-belief tasks but not for perspective-taking tasks. 
C)  led him to focus too much attention on egocentric thinking in young children. 
D)  led him to underestimate their causal reasoning abilities. 
A)  been too simplistic for young children. 
B)  been appropriate for false-belief tasks but not for perspective-taking tasks. 
C)  led him to focus too much attention on egocentric thinking in young children. 
D)  led him to underestimate their causal reasoning abilities.

Question 11

According to Piaget, "egocentrism" referred to the characteristic ____________ thinking of young children.

Accepted Answer

A)  selfish 
B)  arrogant 
C)  operational 
D)  "centered on oneself" 
A)  selfish 
B)  arrogant 
C)  operational 
D)  "centered on oneself"

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT included in a script?

Accepted Answer

A)  social roles 
B)  objects used 
C)  sequence of events 
D)  genetic influences 
A)  social roles 
B)  objects used 
C)  sequence of events 
D)  genetic influences

Question 13

According to information-processing theorists, short-term memory holds information for a few hours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the cognitive ability to pull away from focusing on just one feature of an object in order to consider multiple features?

Accepted Answer

A)  centration 
B)  decentration 
C)  objectivity 
D)  egocentrism 
A)  centration 
B)  decentration 
C)  objectivity 
D)  egocentrism

Question 15

Investigations of children's performance on appearance-reality tasks suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  3-year-old children demonstrate abilities to reason about appearance-reality distinctions when tasks rely on verbal responses. 
B)  3-year-old children are able to distinguish appearance from reality on tasks in which they are asked to help trick other people. 
C)  a variety of task modifications converge on the finding that 3-year-olds have difficulty reasoning about appearance-reality distinctions. 
D)  the difficulty that U.S. children demonstrate in reasoning about appearance-reality distinctions has not been replicated in other countries. 
A)  3-year-old children demonstrate abilities to reason about appearance-reality distinctions when tasks rely on verbal responses. 
B)  3-year-old children are able to distinguish appearance from reality on tasks in which they are asked to help trick other people. 
C)  a variety of task modifications converge on the finding that 3-year-olds have difficulty reasoning about appearance-reality distinctions. 
D)  the difficulty that U.S. children demonstrate in reasoning about appearance-reality distinctions has not been replicated in other countries.

Question 16

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stage-like. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children make steady progress in their reasoning skills across all domains. 
B)  Children with high levels of social support undergo stage-like changes in their thinking, whereas those with low levels of support exhibit more continuous change. 
C)  Children make abrupt changes in their thinking that reflect domain-specific insights. 
D)  Children whose brains mature at a faster rate than those of their peers exhibit continuous changes, whereas those with more typical brain growth exhibit stage-like changes in thinking. 
A)  Children make steady progress in their reasoning skills across all domains. 
B)  Children with high levels of social support undergo stage-like changes in their thinking, whereas those with low levels of support exhibit more continuous change. 
C)  Children make abrupt changes in their thinking that reflect domain-specific insights. 
D)  Children whose brains mature at a faster rate than those of their peers exhibit continuous changes, whereas those with more typical brain growth exhibit stage-like changes in thinking.

Question 17

The information-processing approach compares the neural features of the human brain to ____________ and the strategies individuals use to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  computer hardware; computer software 
B)  computer software; computer hardware 
C)  animal physiology; animal behavior 
D)  animal behavior; animal physiology 
A)  computer hardware; computer software 
B)  computer software; computer hardware 
C)  animal physiology; animal behavior 
D)  animal behavior; animal physiology

Question 18

Troy is growing up in a culture whose language is rich with mental state terms. Aini is growing up in a culture with far fewer words that express mental states. What does research suggest about Troy's and Aini's reasoning about psychological events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research suggests that Troy will have a more advanced understanding of mental states than Aini. 
B)  Research suggests that Aini will have a more advanced understanding of mental states than Troy. 
C)  Research suggests that Troy and Aini will reason about mental states in a similar manner. 
D)  A clear relationship between the number of mental terms a language contains and psychological reasoning has not been established. 
A)  Research suggests that Troy will have a more advanced understanding of mental states than Aini. 
B)  Research suggests that Aini will have a more advanced understanding of mental states than Troy. 
C)  Research suggests that Troy and Aini will reason about mental states in a similar manner. 
D)  A clear relationship between the number of mental terms a language contains and psychological reasoning has not been established.

Question 19

According to Piaget, a child who reasons that it can't be afternoon yet because she has not had her nap is engaged in:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental operations. 
B)  collective monologues. 
C)  precausal thinking. 
D)  decentered reasoning. 
A)  mental operations. 
B)  collective monologues. 
C)  precausal thinking. 
D)  decentered reasoning.

Question 20

According to Piaget, early childhood is a time of transition between:

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational thinking and formal operational thinking. 
B)  the overtly physical schemas of infancy and the egocentrism of middle childhood. 
C)  the sensorimotor stage of infancy and the ability to think symbolically which emerges in middle childhood. 
D)  the overtly physical schemas of infancy and the ability to use mental operations in middle childhood. 
A)  preoperational thinking and formal operational thinking. 
B)  the overtly physical schemas of infancy and the egocentrism of middle childhood. 
C)  the sensorimotor stage of infancy and the ability to think symbolically which emerges in middle childhood. 
D)  the overtly physical schemas of infancy and the ability to use mental operations in middle childhood.

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder defined primarily by:

Researchers concerned about health issues related to obesity look at children's actual weight gain, as well as the:

Working memory is another term for long-term memory.

Early scripts are:

Some evidence that 3-year-old children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

According to information-processing theorists, which of the following stores information for a fraction of a second before it is processed?

Young children develop a theory of mind about how people's beliefs and desires combine to shape their actions.

Which of the following BEST describes what a stage theorist would say regarding the unevenness of thought in early childhood?

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

According to Piaget, "egocentrism" referred to the characteristic ____________ thinking of young children.

Which of the following is NOT included in a script?

According to information-processing theorists, short-term memory holds information for a few hours.

What is the cognitive ability to pull away from focusing on just one feature of an object in order to consider multiple features?

Investigations of children's performance on appearance-reality tasks suggests that:

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stage-like. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

The information-processing approach compares the neural features of the human brain to and the strategies individuals use to .

Troy is growing up in a culture whose language is rich with mental state terms. Aini is growing up in a culture with far fewer words that express mental states. What does research suggest about Troy's and Aini's reasoning about psychological events?

According to Piaget, a child who reasons that it can't be afternoon yet because she has not had her nap is engaged in:

According to Piaget, early childhood is a time of transition between:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 8: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Modularity theorists see change as coming from:

Autism spectrum disorder is a disorder defined primarily by:

Researchers concerned about health issues related to obesity look at children's actual weight gain, as well as the:

Working memory is another term for long-term memory.

Early scripts are:

Some evidence that 3-year-old children can engage in decentered thinking comes from their performance on:

According to information-processing theorists, which of the following stores information for a fraction of a second before it is processed?

Young children develop a theory of mind about how people's beliefs and desires combine to shape their actions.

Which of the following BEST describes what a stage theorist would say regarding the unevenness of thought in early childhood?

Piaget's reliance on children's verbal explanations of their reasoning may have:

According to Piaget, "egocentrism" referred to the characteristic ____________ thinking of young children.

Which of the following is NOT included in a script?

According to information-processing theorists, short-term memory holds information for a few hours.

What is the cognitive ability to pull away from focusing on just one feature of an object in order to consider multiple features?

Investigations of children's performance on appearance-reality tasks suggests that:

Kurt Fischer proposes that children's cognitive development is both gradual and stage-like. Which of the following options describes his idea of how this might work?

The information-processing approach compares the neural features of the human brain to ____________ and the strategies individuals use to ____________.

Troy is growing up in a culture whose language is rich with mental state terms. Aini is growing up in a culture with far fewer words that express mental states. What does research suggest about Troy's and Aini's reasoning about psychological events?

According to Piaget, a child who reasons that it can't be afternoon yet because she has not had her nap is engaged in:

According to Piaget, early childhood is a time of transition between:

The Study of Human Development

Biocultural Foundations

Prenatal Development and Birth

The First 3 Months

Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social and Emotional Development in Infancy

Language Acquisition

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood

Contexts of Development

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

School As Context for Development

Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence

Filters

The information-processing approach compares the neural features of the human brain to and the strategies individuals use to .